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232.
Bridget Freisthler Nancy J. Kepple Revel Sims Scott E. Martin 《American journal of community psychology》2013,51(1-2):278-288
In 1996, California was the first state to pass a Compassionate Use Act allowing for the legal use of marijuana for medical purposes. Here we review several current policy and land use environmental interventions designed to limit problems related to the influx of medical marijuana dispensaries across California cities. Then we discuss the special challenges, solutions, and techniques used for studying the effects of these place-based policies. Finally, we present some of the advanced spatial analytic techniques that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental interventions, such as those related to reducing problems associated with the proliferation of medical marijuana dispensaries. Further, using data from a premise survey of all the dispensaries in Sacramento, this study will examine what characteristics and practices of these dispensaries are related to crime within varying distances from the dispensaries (e.g., 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 feet). We find that some security measures, such as security cameras and having a door man outside, implemented by medical marijuana dispensary owners might be effective at reducing crime within the immediate vicinity of the dispensaries. 相似文献
233.
Sara S. Nozadi Tracy L. Spinrad Nancy Eisenberg Rebecca Bolnick Natalie D. Eggum-Wilkens Cynthia L. Smith Bridget Gaertner Anne Kupfer Julie Sallquist 《Infant behavior & development》2013
Despite evidence for the importance of individual differences in expressive language during toddlerhood in predicting later literacy skills, few researchers have examined individual and contextual factors related to language abilities across the toddler years. Furthermore, a gap remains in the literature about the extent to which the relations of negative emotions and parenting to language skills may differ for girls and boys. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the associations among maternal sensitivity, children's observed anger reactivity, and expressive language when children were 18 (T1; n = 247) and 30 (T2; n = 216) months. At each age, mothers reported on their toddlers’ expressive language, and mothers’ sensitive parenting behavior was observed during an unstructured free-play task. Toddlers’ anger expressions were observed during an emotion-eliciting task. Using path modeling, results showed few relations at T1. At T2, maternal sensitivity was negatively related to anger, and in turn, anger was associated with lower language skills. However, moderation analyses showed that these findings were significant for boys but not for girls. In addition, T1 maternal sensitivity and anger positively predicted expressive language longitudinally for both sexes. Findings suggest that the relations between maternal sensitivity, anger reactivity and expressive language may vary depending on the child's developmental stage and sex. 相似文献
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Corporate recruiting on college campuses has been an important vehicle for selecting and hiring new employees. Previous research has focused on identifying, locating, and selecting new employees, but the recruiting function of attracting good prospects to the interview and job has received less research attention. Increased importance of the attraction function of recruiting may be indicated for the future, particularly given projections of a decline in business college enrollments. The purpose of this article is to examine recruitment of college graduates for sales positions, using the perspective of attracting employees by communicating aspects of the job and company which are important to them. A survey of students and recruiters was used to reveal the attributes of importance to students, differences among students, and the extent to which recruiters are aware of student importance ratings. Differences between students and recruiters perceptions are identified for half of the 50 attributes examined, revealing an opportunity for recruiters to obtain better knowledge of students' perceptions and, thus, to improve their ability to attract graduates to sales positions. 相似文献
236.
Abstract Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Halstead Category Test (HCT) performances of 15 children/adolescents (age range 9 to 17 years) diagnosed with the syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) and 15 age-, gender-, and FSIQ-matched verbal learning-disabled (VLD) controls were examined. The VLD group made significantly fewer errors on the HCT than did the NLD group. In addition, the VLD controls significantly outperformed the NLD participants on seven of the nine WCST index scores (all except failure to maintain set and learning to learn scores). Consistent with the adult literature, the common variance between the HCT and WCST was modest, indicating that these two neuropsychological measures gauge different domains of functioning. It is suggested that the HCT assesses conceptualization/higher order reasoning abilities, whereas the WCST taps dimensions of executive functioning. 相似文献
237.
Nancy L. Kocovski Jan E. Fleming Lance L. Hawley Veronika Huta Martin M. Antony 《Behaviour research and therapy》2013
Recent research has supported the use of mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). 相似文献
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Maurice Cabanis Martin Pyka Stephanie Mehl Bernhard W. Müller Stephanie Loos-Jankowiak Georg Winterer Wolfgang Wölwer Francesco Musso Stefan Klingberg Alexander M. Rapp Karin Langohr Georg Wiedemann Jutta Herrlich Henrik Walter Michael Wagner Knut Schnell Kai Vogeley Hanna Kockler Nadim J. Shah Tony Stöcker Renate Thienel Katharina Pauly Axel Krug Tilo Kircher 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(2):330-345
Attributions are constantly assigned in everyday life. A well-known phenomenon is the self-serving bias: that is, people’s tendency to attribute positive events to internal causes (themselves) and negative events to external causes (other persons/circumstances). Here, we investigated the neural correlates of the cognitive processes implicated in self-serving attributions using social situations that differed in their emotional saliences. We administered an attributional bias task during fMRI scanning in a large sample of healthy subjects (n = 71). Eighty sentences describing positive or negative social situations were presented, and subjects decided via buttonpress whether the situation had been caused by themselves or by the other person involved. Comparing positive with negative sentences revealed activations of the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Self-attribution correlated with activation of the posterior portion of the precuneus. However, self-attributed positive versus negative sentences showed activation of the anterior portion of the precuneus, and self-attributed negative versus positive sentences demonstrated activation of the bilateral insular cortex. All significant activations were reported with a statistical threshold of p ≤ .001, uncorrected. In addition, a comparison of our fMRI task with data from the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire, Revised German Version, demonstrated convergent validity. Our findings suggest that the precuneus and the PCC are involved in the evaluation of social events with particular regional specificities: The PCC is activated during emotional evaluation, the posterior precuneus during attributional evaluation, and the anterior precuneus during self-serving processes. Furthermore, we assume that insula activation is a correlate of awareness of personal agency in negative situations. 相似文献
240.
Marek Preiss Helen A. Klein Nancy M. Levenburg Alena Nohavova 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2013,11(2):157-167
In this study, we examine differences in cheating behaviors in higher education between two countries, namely the United States and the Czech Republic, which differ in many social, cultural and political aspects. We compare a recent (2011) Czech Republic survey of 291 students to that of 268 students in the US (Klein et al., 2007). For all items surveyed, CR students showed a higher propensity to engage in cheating. Additionally, we found more forms of serious cheating present in the Czech sample. In all cases, the differences between the US and Czech samples were statistically significant. 相似文献