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991.
Kevin Patrick Tobia 《Metaphilosophy》2015,46(4-5):575-594
Many philosophers claim to employ intuitions in their philosophical arguments. Others contest that no such intuitions are used frequently or at all in philosophy. This article suggests and defends a conception of intuitions as part of the philosophical method: intuitions are special types of philosophical assumptions to which we are invited to assent, often as premises in argument, that may serve an independent function in philosophical argument and that are not formed through a purely inferential process. A series of philosophical case studies shows that intuitions in these arguments contain the relevant features. The view has implications for philosophical method, offering a compromise between opponents on the divisive debate of the merits of experimental philosophy: experimental philosophy provides an especially useful role in philosophical assumption analysis. 相似文献
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993.
Erin T. Barker Nancy L. Galambos 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):43-50
Common measures of eating disorder symptoms contain affect-related items. When associations between negative affect and eating
disorder symptoms are examined, criterion confounding is possible. The current study explored whether criterion confounding
biases estimates of relations between symptoms of binge eating and negative affect. Data were collected from first-year university
student women via 14-day web-based daily diaries. The Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS) measured daily symptoms of binge
eating, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measured daily negative affect. The inclusion of affect-related
items in the MEBS biased mean level tests of negative affect, correlations of negative affect with symptoms of binge eating,
and associations between the likelihood of reporting behavioral symptoms of binge eating and same-day negative affect. Converging
results demonstrated the need to measure associated features and risk factors separately from problematic eating behavior
symptoms.
相似文献
Erin T. BarkerEmail: |
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996.
Pedro Carvajal Valeria P. Carlini Helgi B. Schith Susana R. de Barioglio Nancy A. Salvatierra 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(4):402-407
Ghrelin (Grh) is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Although Ghr stimulates feeding in rats, it inhibits feeding in neonatal chicks. However, little is known about other central behavioral effects of Ghr. Therefore, we investigated the Ghr effects, injected intracerebroventricularly, on anxiety and memory retention of neonatal chicks in an Open Field test and in a one-trial passive avoidance task, respectively. In the Open Field test, the administration of Ghr in a dose-dependent manner increased the latency to ambulate but decreased ambulation activity, indicating an anxiogenic effect. Furthermore, chicks trained on a passive avoidance task and injected with a dose of 30 pmol of Ghr immediately after training showed an impairment of memory retention. However, there were no significant effects on the number of pecks during the pretraining, training, retention and discrimination. In addition, different doses of Ghr produced an inhibition in food intake at different times after injection. Our results indicate that Ghr induces anxiogenesis in chicks. Moreover, we have shown for the first time that Ghr can decrease memory retention in a non-mammalian species, suggesting that Ghr may play an important role in the processes of memory retention in birds. 相似文献
997.
Rafaeli E Cranford JA Green AS Shrout PE Bolger N 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(12):1703-1718
The authors examined the effects of social hindrance and support on negative and positive relationship-specific feelings in three daily diary studies. Study 1 showed that hindrance and support independently predicted positive relationship feelings, but only hindrance predicted negative feelings. Study 2 used new measures of hindrance and support and showed that hindrance and support independently predicted same-day relationship feelings but that the effects of hindrance were stronger in magnitude. Study 3 yielded similar findings using the new measures of hindrance and support and controlling for morning feeling. These asymmetrical crossover effects suggest that bad is only stronger than good when it comes to bad outcomes; they also support the distinction between aversive and appetitive relational processes. 相似文献
998.
Of interest was whether prior testing of related words primes false memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm.
After studying lists of related words, subjects made old-new judgments about zero, three, or six related items before being
tested on critical nonpresented lures. When the recognition test was self-paced, prior testing of list items led to faster
false recognition judgments, but did not increase the rate of false alarms to lures from studied lists. Critically, this pattern
changed when decision making at test was speeded. When forced to respond quickly—presumably precluding the use of monitoring
processes—clear test-induced priming effects were observed in the rate of false memories. The results are consistent with
an activation-monitoring explanation of false memories and support that retrieving veridical memories can be a source of memory
error. 相似文献
999.
Matthew M. Botvinick Jun Wang Elizabeth Cowan Stephane Roy Christina Bastianen J. Patrick Mayo James C. Houk 《Animal cognition》2009,12(5):671-678
There has been considerable research into the ability of nonhuman primates to process sequential information, a topic that
is of interest in part because of the extensive involvement of sequence processing in human language use. Surprisingly, no
previous study has unambiguously tested the ability of nonhuman primates to encode and immediately reproduce a novel temporal
sequence of perceptual events, the ability tapped in the immediate serial recall (ISR) task extensively studied in humans.
We report here the performance of a rhesus macaque on a spatial ISR task, closely resembling tasks widely used in human memory
research. Detailed analysis of the monkey’s recall performance indicates a number of important parallels with human ISR, consistent
with the idea that a single mechanism for short-term serial order memory may be shared across species. 相似文献
1000.
Most of us have at one point speculated about why one individual grew up to be honest and fair while another became wicked and untrustworthy. In the current review, we present the case that new directions in the empirical study of moral personality development are needed. We set the stage for this future work by presenting six propositions that should serve as the foundation for future research in the field. We conclude by providing an example of how using a more integrative and inclusive framework for studying personality can readily incorporate these propositions. 相似文献