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851.
Childhood Social Withdrawal,Interpersonal Impairment,and Young Adult Depression: A Mediational Model
Katz SJ Conway CC Hammen CL Brennan PA Najman JM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1227-1238
Building on interpersonal theories of depression, the current study sought to explore whether early childhood social withdrawal
serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and diagnoses in young adulthood. The researchers hypothesized that social
impairment at age 15 would mediate the association between social withdrawal at age 5 and depression by age 20. This mediational
model was tested in a community sample of 702 Australian youth followed from mother’s pregnancy to youth age 20. Structural
equation modeling analyses found support for a model in which childhood social withdrawal predicted adolescent social impairment,
which, in turn, predicted depression in young adulthood. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the relationship between
adolescent social impairment and depression in early adulthood, with females exhibiting a stronger association between social
functioning and depression at the symptom and diagnostic level. This study illuminates one potential pathway from early developing
social difficulties to later depressive symptoms and disorders. 相似文献
852.
Graziano PA McNamara JP Geffken GR Reid A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1073-1083
The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which the perceived self-regulation deficits across behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional domains seen in children with ADHD explain the association between the severity of ADHD symptoms
and parenting stress. Participants for this study included 80 children (mean age = 10 years, 9 months) with a DSM-IV diagnosis
of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Parents reported their own stress levels as well as the
severity of their children’s ADHD symptoms, aggression, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. Results
indicated that the severity of children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not their inattention related to parenting
stress. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and parenting stress
was explained by children’s perceived comorbid aggression levels, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties.
No significant differences in the strength of the mediators were found. The current study provides initial data showing that
the perceived impairments in children’s self-regulation across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are what parents
report as stressful, not simply the severity of ADHD symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study and shared
variance from relying solely on parent report, it will be critical for future research to replicate our findings using longitudinal
and multi-informant data such as teacher reports and standardized assessments. 相似文献
853.
This study examined whether children’s biased self-perceptions of peer acceptance are associated in a linear or curvilinear
fashion with aggression, whether associations are moderated by peer rejection status, and whether associations apply uniquely
to reactive aggression. Children in the 4th through 7th grades completed a self-report measure on their social functioning
(SPPC; Harter 1982), and teachers reported on children’s social functioning and aggression. Self-perceptual bias was operationalized
as the standardized residual difference between children’s self-perceptions and their teachers’ perceptions of their peer
acceptance. Rejected status moderated associations between biased self-perceptions and reactive aggression. Among non-rejected
children, biased perceptions were not significantly associated with reactive aggression. In contrast, among peer-rejected
children, reactive aggression was elevated in those who greatly underestimated as well as in those who even modestly overestimated
their peer acceptance. This pattern was observed whether or not proactive aggression was statistically controlled. In contrast,
biased self-perceptions were not associated with proactive aggression for rejected or nonrejected children. Implications are
discussed with regard to future research and potential interventions for aggressive children. 相似文献
854.
Evidence suggests that parental marital discord contributes to the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms
in children and adolescents. Few studies, however, have examined the association between parental marital discord and youth’s
response to treatment. The present study examined the impact of interparental discord on treatment response in a randomized
control trial of adolescents with major depression enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
Participants were 260 adolescents from two-parent households randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: fluoxetine
(FLX), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or placebo (PBO). Logistic regressions revealed that parental
marital discord interacted with youth gender and co-morbid oppositionality symptoms to predict group differences in treatment
response. 相似文献
855.
Kam CM Greenberg MT Bierman KL Coie JD Dodge KA Foster ME Lochman JE McMahon RJ Pinderhughes EE;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):365-377
This longitudinal study examined processes that mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and peer social
preference during the early school years. Three hundred and fifty six kindergarten children (182 boys) and their mothers participated
in the study. During kindergarten, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. In first grade, teachers rated
children’s emotion regulation at school and observers rated the affective quality of mother-child interactions. During second
grade, children’s social preference was assessed by peer nomination. Results indicated that mothers’ level of depressive symptomatology
negatively predicted their child’s social preference 2 years later, controlling for the family SES and teacher-rated social
preference during kindergarten. Among European American families, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and
social preference was partially mediated by maternal warmth and the child’s emotion regulation. Although the relation between
maternal depressive symptoms and children peer preference was stronger among African American families than Europrean American
families, its mediation by the maternal warmth and child’s emotion regulation was not found in African American families. 相似文献
856.
Gerstein ED Pedersen Y Arbona A Crnic KA Ryu E Baker BL Blacher J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):351-364
Children with early developmental delays are at heightened risk for behavior problems and comorbid psychopathology. This study
examined the trajectories of regulatory capabilities and their potentially mediating role in the development of behavior problems
for children with and without early developmental delays. A sample of 231 children comprised of 137 typically developing children
and 94 children with developmental delays were examined during mildly frustrating laboratory tasks across the preschool period
(ages 3–5). Results indicated that children with delays had greater use of maladaptive strategies (distraction, distress venting)
and lower use of adaptive strategies (constructive coping) than typically developing children. For both groups, strategies
had similar rates of growth across time; maladaptive strategies decreased and adaptive strategies increased. The intercept
of strategy use, but not the slope, was found to mediate the relation between developmental risk and externalizing behaviors.
Findings support that dysregulation, rather than the developmental risk, may be responsible for the high levels of comorbid
psychopathology. 相似文献
857.
In light of recent research highlighting the potential effects of children’s behavior on mothers’ mental health, the current
study examined 679 mothers and their adolescent children from a community-based sample to determine the effects of youth psychopathology
on maternal depression and levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives. It was hypothesized that the number of past clinical
diagnoses in 15-year-old adolescents would predict the presence of maternal depression at youth age 15 and 5 years later,
as well as more episodes of maternal depression during the follow-up period. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that increased
levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives would mediate these relationships. Regression analyses indicated that past
youth diagnoses do confer risk for the presence of current and future maternal depression, as well as more episodes of maternal
depression, and mediation analyses revealed that child-related acute and chronic stress were mediators of the relationship
between youth diagnoses and the presence of maternal depression at follow-up. Findings suggest that increased levels of child-related
objective stress in mothers’ lives are one mechanism by which children’s psychopathology affects mothers’ future risk for
depression. 相似文献
858.
This research examines the relationship between behavioural inhibition (BI), family environment (overinvolved and negative
parenting, parental anxiety and parent-child attachment) and anxiety in a sample of 202 preschool children. Participants were
aged between 3 years 2 months and 4 years 5 months, 101 were male. A thorough methodology was used that incorporated data
from multiple observations of behaviour, diagnostic interviews and questionnaire measures. The results showed that children
categorised as behaviourally inhibited were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a range of anxiety diagnoses. Furthermore,
a wide range of family environment factors, including maternal anxiety, parenting and attachment were significantly associated
with BI, with inhibited children more likely to experience adverse family environment factors. No interactions between temperament
and family environment were found for child anxiety. However, a significant relationship between current maternal anxiety
and child anxiety was found consistently even after controlling for BI. Additionally, there was some evidence of a relationship
between maternal negativity and child anxiety, after controlling for BI. The results may suggest that temperament and family
environment operate as additive, rather than interactive risk factors for child anxiety. This is discussed in the context
of theoretical models of child anxiety and directions for future research. 相似文献
859.
This study examines factors that influence memory for details about people. In two experiments, subjects learned fictitious
details about familiar (friends, relatives) and/or unfamiliar individuals, and were tested both immediately and after a 1-week
delay. To control for a confounding between familiarity and genetic relatedness in Experiment 1, in Experiment 2 specific relationships (identical twin, first cousin, acquaintance) were assigned to unfamiliar individuals. Across experiments,
retention was enhanced for familiar compared to unfamiliar individuals, for friends/acquaintances compared to relatives, for
more closely than distantly related individuals, and for individuals of the opposite gender as the subject. 相似文献
860.
Eimer M Kiss M Nicholas S 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(6):1758-1766
When target-defining features are specified in advance, attentional target selection in visual search is controlled by preparatory top-down task sets. We used ERP measures to study voluntary target selection in the absence of such feature-specific task sets, and to compare it to selection that is guided by advance knowledge about target features. Visual search arrays contained two different color singleton digits, and participants had to select one of these as target and report its parity. Target color was either known in advance (fixed color task) or had to be selected anew on each trial (free color-choice task). ERP correlates of spatially selective attentional target selection (N2pc) and working memory processing (SPCN) demonstrated rapid target selection and efficient exclusion of color singleton distractors from focal attention and working memory in the fixed color task. In the free color-choice task, spatially selective processing also emerged rapidly, but selection efficiency was reduced, with nontarget singleton digits capturing attention and gaining access to working memory. Results demonstrate the benefits of top-down task sets: Feature-specific advance preparation accelerates target selection, rapidly resolves attentional competition, and prevents irrelevant events from attracting attention and entering working memory. 相似文献