Relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions

We investigated relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions in 180 children, aged 5–6 years old. We examined the potential differences in second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding between children with and without ICs, children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships, as well as children with invisible friends and personified objects. The results revealed that children with ICs had better second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding than children without ICs. Compared with children with hierarchical relationships, children with egalitarian relationships had better second-order false belief understanding. However, children with invisible friends and personified objects did not differ on their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions. The results suggest that compared with IC types, IC status and child-IC relationship qualities may be more relevant to children's theory of mind. It will be interesting for the future researchers to investigate the underlying mechanism of the differences between children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships.     

吾之非吾:庄子《齐物论》辨析

庄子就是典型的"无所谓"者."无所谓",就是没有一个可以依据的对象,可以横说竖说,正言反言,不可以在行为、活动、话语、写作、辩论之前,预先设立一个或多个公开的或潜在的标准.谓,即可以说是"无所谓",也可以说是"谓他谓".庄子所谓"吾丧我"就是"谓他谓"的别一种说法,为一种中国式的"横向逻辑"传统,有别于亚里士多德形式逻辑的"垂直性"思维传统.     

老年肺癌患者个性特征调查给我们的启示

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、成人艾克人格问卷(EPQ)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对127例老年肺癌患者进行调查.发现老年肺癌患者存在着特定的个性特征和情绪障碍,并且不同病期间相似.我们在老年肺癌诊疗决策中要给予足够的关注.     

Relative Persuasiveness of Gain‐ Versus Loss‐Framed Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Messages for the Present‐ and Future‐Minded

This research examines how young adults' attitudes toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and their intentions to get the vaccine are influenced by the framing of health messages (gain vs. loss) and time orientation (i.e., the extent to which people value immediate vs. distant consequences of their decisions). Results of an experiment showed an overall persuasive advantage for loss‐framed messages. Attitudes and behavioral intentions toward HPV vaccination were found to be more favorable among future‐minded individuals. Moreover, an interaction between framing and time orientation was found to predict persuasive outcomes. Present‐minded participants responded more favorably to the loss‐framed message, whereas future‐minded participants were equally persuaded by both frames. Implications of the findings for vaccine risk communication are discussed.     

近世基督教、天主教在中国内地传播的比较研究:以河北道为例

近世基督教、天主教传入中国内地的时间及其社会背景、传播路线、传播方式等各不相同,别具特色。二者以不同的策略及方式在教会的本位化和本土化建设方面都各自做出了努力,取得了成效。在基督教、天主教传入中国内地的同时,也带来了近世先进的教育理念和医疗技术,兴办了一批近代化的学校和西式医院,推动了中国内地近代化进程,影响深远。     

从东西方文化的差异分析面子与自尊的关系

":面子"对于中国人的重要性就像是"自尊"之于西方人一样,本文通过从东西文化的差异深入分析了面子与自尊间的联系与区别,认为涉及两者的心理过程是类似的,但是面子却又比自尊负载了更多社会学上的价值,因此,建议在未来的面子研究中,分别尝试从心理学与社会学两个层面加以入手,以期为相对滞后的面子研究注入新的活力。     

基于增长模型的非随机缺失数据处理:选择模型和极大似然方法

对含有非随机缺失数据的潜变量增长模型,为了考察基于不同假设的缺失数据处理方法:极大似然(ML)方法与DiggleKenward选择模型的优劣,通过Monte Carlo模拟研究,比较两种方法对模型中增长参数估计精度及其标准误估计的差异,并考虑样本量、非随机缺失比例和随机缺失比例的影响。结果表明,符合前提假设的Diggle-Kenward选择模型的参数估计精度普遍高于ML方法;对于标准误估计值,ML方法存在一定程度的低估,得到的置信区间覆盖比率也明显低于Diggle-Kenward选择模型。     

学生感知的教师欺凌态度与学生欺凌行为的关系——学生欺凌态度的中介作用及其性别的调节作用

校园欺凌严重影响青少年身心的健康发展,教师是预防和干预校园欺凌的重要力量。本研究拟在考察学生感知的教师欺凌态度与学生欺凌行为关系的基础上,探究学生欺凌态度的中介效应以及性别的调节作用。本研究采用《校园欺凌量表》、《学生欺凌态度量表》以及《学生感知的教师欺凌态度量表》对来自北京市两所初中的698名初一和初二学生进行测查。结果显示:(1)初中男生总体及不同类型的欺凌行为及其欺凌态度均显著高于女生,而女生所感知的教师欺凌严重性态度则显著高于男生;(2)学生感知的教师欺凌严重性态度显著负向预测学生欺凌行为;(3)学生欺凌态度在学生感知的教师欺凌态度和学生欺凌行为之间起部分中介作用;(4)学生欺凌态度的中介效应存在显著性别差异,男生欺凌态度为部分中介作用,而女生欺凌态度为完全中介作用。