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41.
Nadine Hauthal Markus F. Neumann Stefan R. Schweinberger 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2012,74(6):1312-1320
The case of human deafness constitutes a unique opportunity to examine possible consequences for perceptual processing due to altered sensory experiences. We tested whether deaf??in contrast to hearing??individuals are more susceptible to visual distraction from peripheral than from central face versus object stimuli. The participants were required to classify the gender of a target male or female symbol presented either alone (low perceptual load) or together with three filler symbols (high perceptual load), while ignoring gender-congruent or -incongruent face versus object distractors presented at central or peripheral positions. The gender classifications were affected by distractor gender under low, but not under high, perceptual load in hearing participants. In contrast, the responses of deaf participants were similarly influenced by distractor gender under both levels of perceptual load. There was no evidence for generally enhanced attention to the visual periphery in deaf individuals. Our results indicate that auditory deprivation may result in enhanced attentional capacities under high perceptual load. 相似文献
42.
Flückiger C Meyer A Wampold BE Gassmann D Messerli-Bürgy N Munsch S 《Behavior Therapy》2011,42(4):716-725
Understanding the dropout rates of efficacious forms of psychotherapy for patients with binge eating disorder (BED) is an unsolved problem within this increasing population. Up until now the role of psychotherapy process characteristics as predictors of premature termination has not been investigated in the BED literature. Within a randomized controlled trial (N=78) we investigated the degree to which early psychological process characteristics, such as components of the therapeutic relationship and the experiences of mastery and motivational clarification, predicted premature termination of treatment. We statistically controlled for the influences of covariates such as rapid response of treatment, treatment group, body mass index, Axis II disorder, and patients' preexisting generalized self-efficacy at baseline. Patients' postsession reports from Sessions 1 to 5 indicated that low self-esteem in-session experiences was a stable predictor of premature termination. Its predictive value persisted after controlling for the above-mentioned covariates. Exploratory analyses further revealed low self-esteem experiences, low global alliance, and low mastery and clarification experiences as predictors in those patients who explicitly specified discontentment with therapy as reason for premature termination. These results indicate that patients' self-esteem experiences may not be an epiphenomenon of their specific psychopathology but may represent general mechanisms on which remaining or withdrawing from psychotherapeutic treatment depends. Early psychotherapy process characteristics should therefore be considered in training and evaluation of psychotherapists carrying through BED treatments. 相似文献
43.
Nadine Faulkner 《Philosophical Investigations》2010,33(2):159-183
In this paper I explore a neglected discussion of vagueness put forward by Wittgenstein in his Philosophical Grammar (1932–34). In this work, unlike Philosophical Investigations (1953), Wittgenstein not only discusses the venerable Sorites paradox but provides a novel conception of vagueness using an analogy with coin tossing and converging intervals. As he sees it, the problematic picture of vagueness arises because we conflate aspects of the functioning of vague concepts with those of non‐vague ones. Thus, while we accept that vague concepts have no sharp cut‐off points (are boundaryless), we nevertheless retain the idea that we can progress towards the penumbra the way we progress towards the cut‐off points of non‐vague concepts. As a potential remedy, Wittgenstein's analogy with coin tossing and converging intervals replaces this picture and provides an understanding of the functioning of vague concepts in which no notion of a progression arises. 相似文献
44.
Forget-Dubois N Boivin M Dionne G Pierce T Tremblay RE Pérusse D 《Infant behavior & development》2007,30(3):453-465
Children's negative characteristics are thought to be a factor in evoking hostile parenting responses. This can result in genotype/environment correlations (rGE) in which children's heritable traits influence the parenting they experience. We did genetic analyses on 292 mothers' self-reported hostile-reactive behaviors toward each of their twins at 5, 18 and 30 months. Finding heritability for a parenting behavior analyzed as a child phenotype is evidence of rGE correlation. The heritability of maternal behavior was modest (29% at 5 months, 0% at 18 months, and 25% at 30 months) and longitudinal analyses indicated that genetic factors at 5 and 30 months were uncorrelated. Common environment factors, probably reflecting characteristics of the mothers, were the main source of variance at the three ages and were highly correlated through time. We concluded that children's heritable characteristics evoked maternal negative response at specific times, but were not responsible for the stability of maternal hostility from infancy to toddlerhood. 相似文献
45.
Nadine J. Kaslow Nathan A. Mascaro 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):191-196
This article was co-authored by a senior mentor and one of her students who worked with her as both an intern and a postdoctoral
fellow. It is an expanded version of a presentation given by the first author after receiving the Association of Psychologists
in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) Distinguished Achievement in Teaching Award. The article offers a historical view on mentoring,
defines and describes the term, and delineates the characteristics of good mentors and mentees. The significant impact of
mentoring on the professional and personal development of psychology interns and postdoctoral residents and their mentors
in academic health centers is explored. Techniques for developing, maintaining, and promoting effective mentoring relationships
are provided and the ethical considerations related to mentoring are examined.
This article is based upon an invited address, “Mentoring of Predoctoral Interns and Postdoctoral Fellows in an Academic Health
Sciences Center” given by the first author in recognition of the author’s receipt of the Association of Psychologists in Academic
Health Centers 2005 Award for Distinguished Achievement in Teaching. The address was presented at the Annual meeting of the
American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA, August, 2006. 相似文献
46.
Nadine S. Pence 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2007,10(3):161-163
Abstract. The study of religion seeks to understand life and life practices, which means that it is internally suited to dynamic teaching-learning methods such as exploration, conversation, and imaginative construction. Wabash Center hospitality enables reflective conversations about the nature of our craft, the shape of our vocation, and the direction of our discipline. 相似文献
47.
48.
Robert Ladouceur Claude Paquet Nadine Lachance Dominique Dub 《International journal of psychology》1996,31(2):93-99
Un des principaux facteurs expliquant le jeu excessif serait les perceptions erronées qu'entretiennent les individus concernant le hasard. Cet article vise à préciser les perceptions du joueur en analysant ses verbalisations lors de la production ou de la reconnaissance de suites aléatoires. Deux études empiriques ont été réalisées. E est prédit que la majorité des gens ont une perception erronée à l'égard du hasard et qu'il existe une relation entre le nombre d'issues possibles (par exemple deux lors du tir d'une pièce de monnaie ou six lors du tir d'un dé) et le nombre de verbalisations erronées faisant référence aux événements passés de la suite. Comme on le prévoyait, près de 70% des verbalisations sont l'expression d'une perception erronée, la plupart se référant à des liens de dépendance entre les événements de la suite. Cependant, l'augmentation du nombre d'issues possibles n'a pas d'effet significatif sur la proportion de perceptions erronées. La discussion met en relief les implications pratiques et théoriques des perceptions inadéquates des joueurs sur l'illusion du contrôle du jeu et des comportements excessifs en résultant. 相似文献
49.
In models of word retrieval, it is common to differentiate lexical-semantic (word meaning) and lexical-phonological (word form) levels. There has been considerable interest in the relationship between these two levels. The so-called discrete two-stage model claims that phonological activation follows selection at the lexical-semantic level and is limited only to the selected item. In contrast, nondiscrete (interactive and cascade) models assume that all activated lexical-semantic candidates are also phonologically activated to some extent. We addressed this issue by studying an anomic patient who suffered from a partial functional disconnection between lexical-semantic and lexical-phonological levels. A multitarget repeated naming task with phonological training was employed. Systematic manipulation of semantic and phonological relatedness between the to-be-named items indicated that our patient's word error patterns were sensitive to both types of lexical relatedness. A delayed repetition task employing the same items failed to show similar effects, suggesting that they were specific to naming. The discrete two-stage model is unable to explain the observed effects of semantic and phonological relatedness. However, they are consistent with assumptions of nondiscrete models of lexical retrieval. In addition to the theoretical implications of this study, the observed effects of lexical context on word retrieval have implications for treatment of anomia. 相似文献
50.
Social problem solving: A moderator of the relation between negative life stress and depression symptoms in children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sherryl H. Goodman Gwendell W. Gravitt Jr. Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(4):473-485
The social problem-solving skill of generating effective alternative solutions was tested as a moderator of the relation between negative life stress and depressed mood in children. Boys ( n= 25) and girls ( n= 25), ages 8 to 12 years, from inner-city, lower socioeconomic group families, completed measures of depression symptoms, negative impact of life events, and quantity and effectiveness of alternative solutions to social problems. Results indicated that the effectiveness of alternative solutions children generate in response to peer social problems moderates the relation between stress and depression. Children who experienced a high impact of negative life events, with less effective social problem-solving skills, reported higher levels of depression compared to children who experienced a high impact of negative life events but exhibited more effective social problem-solving skills. Results are discussed in terms of alternative theoretical models for the mechanisms whereby effective social problem-solving skills moderate stress-related depression. 相似文献