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31.
Bonnie J. Leadbeater Erin M. Boone Nadia A. Sangster Lindsay C. Mathieson 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(4):409-419
While recent research using peer ratings demonstrates positive relations between youth's reputations for aggression and popularity, it is not clear whether aggressive youth themselves make these links. Using youth's self‐reports, this study assessed the associations of relational and physical aggression with indicators of both personal gains in peer relations (perceived popularity and receipt of prosocial attention) and personal costs in terms of retaliation or depressive responses (peer victimization and depressive symptoms) in a large sample (n=455) of eighth‐ to tenth‐grade students. Regression analyses reveal that more relationally aggressive youth report more prosocial attention but also more relational (but not physical) victimization. In contrast, more physically aggressive youth report more depressive symptoms and physical (but not relational) victimization. Findings suggest that some costs of aggression (victimization) are higher for boys while others (depressive symptoms) are greater for girls. Group differences were also found for aggressive, victimized, and aggressive/victimized youth compared to the typical low aggressive/low victimized youth. These data suggest that the costs of relational and physical aggression may outweigh benefits except for aggressive non‐victimized boys. Aggr. Behav. 32:409–419, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
32.
Gebhardt WA Ter Doest L Dijkstra A Maes S Garnefski N Jan De Wilde E Kraaij V 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):546-548
In a sample of 1287 adolescents, it appeared that weekly exercise facilitates a variety of goals; particularly those related to being or remaining healthy, feeling relaxed, not being bored, feeling physically good, not being stressed, and attaining high achievements were endorsed. Sedentary and active adolescents reported a similar order of 10 specific goals with respect to the likelihood of being positively influenced by exercise. The frequency of reported facilitation for each of the goals, however, was higher among the active adolescernts. This suggests that the more exercise is incorporated in daily life, the more it can be regarded as an integral part of the personal goal structure. 相似文献
33.
What if participants in a one‐trial prisoner's dilemma know before making their decision that the other person has already defected? From the perspective of classic game theory, a dilemma no longer exists. It is clearly in their best interest to defect too. The empathy‐altruism hypothesis predicts, however, that if they feel empathy for the other, then a dilemma remains: self‐interest counsels defection; empathy‐induced altruism counsels not. This motivational conflict should lead at least some empathically aroused individuals not to defect. To test this prediction, we placed 60 undergraduate women in a one‐trial prisoner's dilemma in which they knew the other had already defected. Among those not induced to feel empathy, very few (0.05) did not defect in return. Among those induced to feel empathy for the other, almost half (0.45) did not defect. These results underscore the power of empathy‐induced altruism to affect responses in a prisoner's dilemma. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
The manipulative actions of mountain gorillas Gorilla g. beringei were examined in the context of foraging on hard-to-process plant foods in the field, in particular those used in tackling
thistle Carduus nyassanus. A repertoire of 72 functionally distinct manipulative actions was recorded. Many of these actions were used in several variants
of grip, finger(s) and movement path, both by different individuals and by the same individual at different times. The repertoire
appears somewhat greater than that observed in comparable studies of monkeys, but a far more striking difference is found
in the use of differentiated actions in concert. Mountain gorillas routinely and frequently deal with problems that involve:
(1) bimanual role differentiation, with the two hands taking different roles but synchronized in time and space, and (2) digit
role differentiation, with independent control of parts of the same hand used for separate purposes at the same time. The
independent control that allows these abilities, so crucial to human manual constructional ability, is apparently general
in African great apes. Role differentiation, between and within the hand, is evidently a primitive characteristic in the human
arsenal of skills.
Accepted after revision: 6 April 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the Swiss dual system of vocational education and training (VET), on the basis of the results of a study on VET dropouts. The adopted theoretical framework and method of analysis is the psychodynamic of work, which makes it possible to stress the specific constraints of a system that is closely related to the world of work. The various forms of suffering evoked by apprentices, as well as the strategies implemented to cope with it, are highlighted. The analyses also stress the pleasure young people can experience in VET. Between pleasure and suffering, these elements make it possible to consider both the assets and the shortcomings of this education system. 相似文献
39.
Doreen Rosenthal Nadia Ranieri Steven Klimidis 《International journal of psychology》1996,31(2):81-91
The present study examined traditional family and independence values among young Vietnamese respondents (N = 204), their perceptions of parents' values, and the impact of differential parent-adolescent acculturation on intergenerational conflict and gender satisfaction. The study confirmed that adolescents perceived that they had less traditional values than their parents. Traditional family values diminished with time spent in Australia while the value accorded to independence increased. This pattern was stronger for girls than for boys. Girls valued Vietnamese traditions less than did their male peers, regarded their parents as being less accepting of independence, and were more dissatisfied with their gender role than boys. For girls but not for boys, discrepancy between adolescent and parental values was associated with more conflict and greater gender dissatisfaction. This study suggests that girls have more difficulty than boys in dealing simultaneously with the expectations of two cultures. 相似文献
40.
Nadia Bruschweiler-Stern 《Psychoanalytic Inquiry》2017,37(4):220-227
ABSTRACTIn a persistent quest for understanding of what animates life and produces human experience, Daniel Stern was able to put the unspeakable into words. Impregnated with the world of childhood, he described the Forms of Vitality, rendering as never before the ubiquity of the music of life that animates and underlies the unfolding of movement and action. This concept opens new horizons for many disciplines.Examples will describe advances in neuroscience or for the diagnosis of autism, as well as the essential function of human relationships in early development. 相似文献