父母冲突与中学生应对方式的关系:教养方式和情绪安全感的链式中介作用

为了探讨父母冲突、父母教养方式、情绪安全感和应对方式的关系,研究采用量表对北京市和河南省1322名初一到高二的学生进行调查。结果表明：父母冲突直接影响中学生的应对方式,且存在三条路径：通过父母教养方式的单独中介作用影响中学生的积极应对方式和父母消极教养方式的单独中介作用影响中学生的消极应对方式;通过情绪不安全感的单独中介作用影响中学生的应对方式;通过父母消极教养方式和情绪不安全感的链式中介作用影响中学生的应对方式。因此减少和避免父母冲突,提高中学生的情绪安全感,同时给予中学生积极教养方式,减少和避免消极教养方式,有利于中学生积极应对方式的发展。     

机器学习在抑郁症领域的应用

抑郁症患者疾病意识的不足以及早期筛查方法的缺乏导致患者在被诊断时大多已发展至重性抑郁障碍。为改善现状, 近年来机器学习被逐渐应用到抑郁症的早期预测、早期识别、辅助诊断和治疗决策中。在应用中, 机器学习模型准确性的影响因素包括样本集种类及规模、特征工程、算法类型等。建议未来将机器学习进一步融入医疗健康系统及移动应用程序等, 不断优化机器学习模型, 通过充分挖掘患者健康数据来改善抑郁症的预防、识别、诊断和治疗等相关问题。     

左侧背外侧前额叶在程序性运动学习中的作用

程序性运动学习包括序列学习和随机学习。神经影像学研究表明背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)和初级运动皮层(M1)在程序性运动学习中发挥重要作用, 但DLPFC和M1之间的联通性及其与不同程序性运动学习的关系尚不明确。本研究采用连续反应时间任务, 结合经颅磁刺激(TMS)方法, 探讨左侧DLPFC到M1的联通性在不同程序性运动学习中的差异。实验1采用两连发TMS探测DLPFC到M1的最佳投射时间点; 实验2, 被试分为2组, 分别进行序列学习和随机学习, 在学习前、后采集行为学数据, 以及M1的运动诱发电位和DLPFC-M1联通性的电生理学数据。行为学结果发现序列学习组的学习效果更佳; 电生理学结果发现, 两组被试学习前、后M1的运动诱发电位均未发生改变; 在最佳时间投射点、适当刺激强度下, 序列学习组DLPFC-M1联通性发生改变, 且与学习成绩相关, 而随机学习组没有改变。结果说明DLPFC到M1的联通性增强可能是序列学习成绩更佳的重要原因, 这一结果从电生理角度为DLPFC在运动学习中的作用提供了重要证据。     

Religious Discrimination Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

Journal of Religion and Health - This study presents the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Religious Discrimination Scale (RDS). This 11-item instrument identified three...     

Expectations and beyond: The nexus of AI instrumentality and brand credibility in voice assistant retention using extended expectation-confirmation model

AI-based voice assistants (AIVA) are capable of interpreting human speech and responding with useful information, aiding with tasks, and controlling other devices. The usage of these AIVAs has grown significantly worldwide. Despite this growth, studies on user behavior related to continued usage intention of AIVAs and effects on the long-term commercial sustainability of brands, remain low. What is less understood is the potential of AI instrumentality attributes and brand credibility components in provoking shifts in post-use behavior of AIVAs. This study proposes a model which expands on the Expectation-Confirmation Model for user continuance behavior of AIVAs, by integrating user's technology related traits, AI instrumentality attributes and brand credibility. To verify the research hypotheses, the study employed partial least square—structural equation modelling, based on 281 validated responses of a survey. This study highlights the significance of Optimism, Innovativeness, and Discomfort for post-adoption confirmation. Higher post-adoption confirmation is strongly associated with perceived intelligence, anthropomorphism, information quality, and system quality. Anthropomorphism and information quality are key factors for brand expertise, while anthropomorphism and system quality are significant for brand trustworthiness. The study confirms that brand expertise and trustworthiness lead to post-use satisfaction and use continuance intention. Understanding the antecedents of satisfaction and continuance intention extends the existing literature on AIVAs and provides valuable insights for academics and practitioners alike. Some implications for researchers and managers are discussed.     

组织认同问卷（OIQ）在教师样本中的修订

在两个教师群体样本中,对Cheney编制的组织认同问卷（OIQ）进行修订。对338名中小学教师施测结果的探索性因素分析表明,教师组织认同为单因素结构模型;对256名高校教师施测结果的验证性因素分析支持了单因素模型的观点。在两个样本中,教师组织认同问卷的内部一致性系数均为0.92;教师组织认同问卷的内容效度和效标效度良好。     

网络使用经验对动作动词加工的影响

具身认知理论认为高级概念认知和低级感知觉认知紧密关联, 且两者共享相同的神经系统。本研究设计了3个实验：实验1观察面部表情动词加工是否受面部情绪表达的影响, 结果发现网络使用经验多的被试在促进和抑制面部积极表情条件下对动词的反应没有表现出显著差异。实验2探讨网络使用经验对肢体动作词汇加工的影响, 结果发现网络使用经验多的被试在动词?名词转换时没有产生显著认知损耗。实验3探讨两类被试对正常序列和随机序列图式动词加工是否有差异, 结果发现网络使用经验多的个体对随机序列和正常序列的回忆成绩并无显著差异。本研究从动词认知加工角度验证了高级认知与低级感知觉加工间的紧密联系, 揭示了网络行为与高级认知加工间的相关关系。     

Differences in Friendship Networks and Experiences of Cyberbullying Among Korean and Australian Adolescents

ABSTRACT

Cyberbullying is one of the negative consequences of online social interaction. The digital environment enables adolescents to engage in online social interaction beyond the traditional physical boundaries of families, neighborhoods, and schools. The authors examined connections to friendship networks in both online and offline settings are related to their experiences as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders of cyberbullying. A comparative face-to-face survey of adolescents (12–15-year-olds) was conducted in Korea (n = 520) and Australia (n = 401). The results reveal that online networks are partially related to cyberbullying in both countries, showing the size of social network sites was significantly correlated with experience cyberbullying among adolescents in both countries. However there were cultural differences in the impact of friendship networks on cyberbullying. The size of the online and offline networks has a stronger impact on the cyberbullying experiences in Korea than it does in Australia. In particular, the number of friends in cliques was positively related to both bullying and victimization in Korea.     

辨别任务中线索有效性对儿童返回抑制发展的影响

采用辨别任务范式,运用三个3×3×3的混合实验设计(线索有效性、年级、靶子出现位置),考察了3种线索-靶子时间间隔下线索有效性对辨别任务中儿童返回抑制发展的影响。结果表明:(1)随着年龄的增长,儿童完成任务所需的反应时逐渐缩短;(2)随着年龄的增长,儿童出现返回抑制所需的SOA缩短;(3)辨别任务的难度比较大,所需的认知技能和工作记忆更多,因此返回抑制出现的机制也就更复杂,线索有效性对辨别任务下的返回抑制的影响并没有呈现出规律性的变化。     

组织公正、组织认同与教师离职意向的关系

通过对700名教师施测Mael和Tetrick组织认同问卷、组织公正问卷和离职意向问卷,结果发现：（1）组织公正能够正向的预测个体的组织认同水平;（2）组织公正能够负向的预测个体的离职意向水平;（3）组织认同在组织公正和离职意向关系中的中介作用不显著。