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91.
Empathy is reported in the research literature as a necessary factor in counseling and psychotherapy, but psychologists have historically interpreted empathy through an exclusively individual focus. Most of the research on empathy has been predicated on a definition of empathy as occurring when one person vicariously experiences the feelings, perceptions, and thoughts of another. In Western cultures, the study of empathy focuses exclusively on the individual, whereas in traditional non-Western cultures, empathy more typically involves an inclusive perspective focusing on the individual and significant others in the societal context. This article explores the reframing of "empathy," based on an individualistic perspective, into "inclusive cultural empathy," based on a more relationship-centered perspective, as an alternative interpretation of the empathic process. Psychologists are both the problem and the solution to this dilemma, and the authors call upon the field to take leadership in applying this "inclusive cultural empathy" model. 相似文献
92.
Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen 《Dialog》2010,49(3):190-200
Abstract : Martin Luther's view of women is as complex as his authorship is vast, encompassing a diversity of genres and purposes. Luther seems ambivalent toward women like the tradition before and after him. In his reformation enterprise he appears torn between his good theology and the bad anthropology that obscures his purportedly universal principles. This article uncovers some of the ambiguities in Luther's approaches to women, theoretically teaching men's authority over women yet simultaneously teaching the mutuality and equality of women and men; and practicing such mutuality and equality in his everyday life, not least in his marriage to Katharina von Bora. His good theology also comes to the fore in his Mariology, especially in his commentary to the Magnificat, in which Mary is not just a ‘woman’ but the human being par excellence in her truly faithful relation to God. 相似文献
93.
Drinking and driving is a significant health risk behavior for adolescents. This study tested mechanisms by which disinhibited personality traits (impulsivity and sensation seeking) and aspects of the adolescent home/social environment (parental monitoring and alcohol accessibility) can influence changes in drinking and driving behavior over time. Two hundred two high school age youths were assessed at 2 time points, approximately 8 months apart. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses were used to test (a) an additive model, where personality and environmental variables uniquely predict drinking and driving engagement and frequency; (b) a mediation model, where Time 2 environmental variables mediate the influence of disinhibited personality; and (c) an interaction model, where environmental factors either facilitate or constrain the influence of disinhibited personality on drinking and driving. Results supported both the additive and interaction model but not the mediation model. Differences emerged between results for personal drinking and driving and riding with a drinking driver. Improving our understanding of how malleable environmental variables can affect the influence of disinhibited personality traits on drinking and driving behaviors can help target and improve prevention/intervention efforts. 相似文献
94.
The changing world in which we now live requires that counseling psychology alter its training curriculum assumptions, content, and methods to prepare students and faculty for meeting the challenges of life in the global community. Global problems such as poverty, migration, overpopulation, international war and violence, rapid urbanization, and cultural disintegration are posing new challenges for service professions that are no longer suited to ethnocentric values, content, and interventions. Adjustment syndromes such as alienation, culture shock, acculturation, identity conflict and confusion, and migration stress are now emerging as major problems for counselors in schools, colleges, industry, clinics and private practice. New competencies are needed. The present article offers 50 different ways to assist in the internationalization of the counseling curriculum, with specific recommendations for professional psychological associations and department of psychology curriculum content and extra-curricular activities, and universities. The article calls upon counseling psychologists around the world to help create a new professional and global consciousness that can advance our field by addressing the problems we face and restoring dignity to those we serve through the provision of more informed and culturally sensitive services. 相似文献
95.
Ape language research has primarily focused on specific isolated language features. In contrast, in research into human language,
traditions such as conversational analysis and discourse analysis propose to study language as actual discourse. Consequently,
repetitions are seen as accomplishing various discursive and pragmatic functions in human conversations, while in apes, repetitions
are seen as rote imitations and as proof that apes do not exhibit language. Tools from discourse analysis are applied in this
study to a conversation between a language-competent bonobo, Pan paniscus and a human. The hypothesis is that the bonobo may exhibit even larger linguistic competency in ordinary conversation than
in controlled experimental settings. Despite her limited productive means, the bonobo Panbanisha competently engages in co-constructing
the conversational turns. She uses shared knowledge and repetitions to achieve compliance with a request. This reveals a knowledge
about socio-linguistic interactions which goes beyond the pure informational content of words.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Janni Pedersen started working with the bonobo colony at the Great Ape Trust of Iowa in 2006. She is working towards her PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Anthropology Department, Iowa State University. She holds a MA in philosophy from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and is a lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Iowa State University. William M. Fields is Director of the Bonobo Research at Great Ape Trust of Iowa. He begun his scientific research into the linguistic abilities of nonhuman primates with this group of bonobos at the Language Research Center, Georgia State University, in 1997. Among other publications, he co-authored Kanzi’s Primal Language: The cultural initiation of primates into language with Dr. Par Segerdahl and Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh. 相似文献
Janni PedersenEmail: |
Janni Pedersen started working with the bonobo colony at the Great Ape Trust of Iowa in 2006. She is working towards her PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Anthropology Department, Iowa State University. She holds a MA in philosophy from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and is a lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Iowa State University. William M. Fields is Director of the Bonobo Research at Great Ape Trust of Iowa. He begun his scientific research into the linguistic abilities of nonhuman primates with this group of bonobos at the Language Research Center, Georgia State University, in 1997. Among other publications, he co-authored Kanzi’s Primal Language: The cultural initiation of primates into language with Dr. Par Segerdahl and Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh. 相似文献
96.
M Gatz N L Pedersen R Plomin J R Nesselroade G E McClearn 《Journal of abnormal psychology》1992,101(4):701-708
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was administered to 68 identical and 161 fraternal twin pairs reared apart and 114 identical and 138 fraternal pairs reared together to ascertain relative genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. Intraclass correlations and model fitting indicated that genetic influences explained 16% of the variance in total depression scores and 19% for the Psychomotor Retardation and Somatic Complaints subscale, but heritability was minimal for the Depressed Mood and Well-Being subscales. Influence of family rearing context played a substantial role in explaining twin similarity, whereas unique life experiences accounted for the greatest proportion of variance. Significant age group differences were observed, with heritability greater in twins of 60 years of age or older than in twins under 60, especially for Psychomotor Retardation. 相似文献
97.
Thomas J. Kramer John T. Chibnall Barry D. Pedersen 《Journal of business and psychology》1992,6(4):415-442
Large scale changes from traditional to computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) make fundamental alterations in the way work gets done in an organization. The incorporation of sophisticated computerized machinery into the work flow, however, is only the catalyst for a range of human resource and organizational issues. A review of the literature suggests that the management of these issues in the transition from traditional to computerized systems is critical to success. The review is presented within a time frame that encompasses the major themes of a CIM change effort. These themes include the decision phase or automation consideration, the developmental phase, the bridging phase that spans the gap between planning and implementation, and the implementation phase. Important management issues are summarized at each step, including cost justification, management commitment, planning, vendor and union relationships, employee resistance, education and training, job redesign, and organizational restructuring. Wherever applicable, specific practices and real-world examples for effectively managing these issues are presented. 相似文献
98.
99.
Jens Christian Bjerring Jens Ulrik Hansen Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding Pedersen 《Synthese》2014,191(11):2445-2470
Pluralistic ignorance is a socio-psychological phenomenon that involves a systematic discrepancy between people’s private beliefs and public behavior in certain social contexts. Recently, pluralistic ignorance has gained increased attention in formal and social epistemology. But to get clear on what precisely a formal and social epistemological account of pluralistic ignorance should look like, we need answers to at least the following two questions: What exactly is the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance? And can the phenomenon arise among perfectly rational agents? In this paper, we propose answers to both these questions. First, we characterize different versions of pluralistic ignorance and define the version that we claim most adequately captures the examples cited as paradigmatic cases of pluralistic ignorance in the literature. In doing so, we will stress certain key epistemic and social interactive aspects of the phenomenon. Second, given our characterization of pluralistic ignorance, we argue that the phenomenon can indeed arise in groups of perfectly rational agents. This, in turn, ensures that the tools of formal epistemology can be fully utilized to reason about pluralistic ignorance. 相似文献
100.