地面参照框架形成的连续表面整合加工假说

地面参照框架是空间知觉的重要基础, 连续表面整合加工(SSIP)假说首次对其形成过程做出了推测, 将这一科学问题的研究向纵深推进, 开辟了一个新的研究领域。SSIP假说的核心观点及其相关证据包括地面的表征原理、整合条件和表征结果三个方面, 得到了大量研究的支持。未来研究需结合基于过程检验的技术手段, 直接探查地面参照框架的形成机制, 关注高级认知过程的作用, 并可考虑其在国防上的应用。     

An item‐level investigation of conceptual and empirical distinctiveness of proactivity constructs

Beyond the prior investigations that took scale‐level approaches to determining discriminant validity in proactivity constructs, the current study contributes a much‐needed interrogation of the items used to measure the behaviors in this domain. The substantive validity (SV) assessments (Study 1) showed that many of the items were judged to be inconsistent with the definition of the construct they assess or, alternatively, more consistent with the definition of a different construct in the domain. Further, exploratory factor analysis revealed the difficulty in empirically separating the four behaviors, while BiM results also advocated against the unique variance of them after accounting for a general factor (Study 2). Altogether, our results show that the items are partly to blame for the empirical redundancy issue.     

父母教养方式影响青少年感恩:心理特权和观点采择的中介作用

本研究以482名中学生为被试,采用问卷法探究父母情感温暖、父母拒绝以及父母过度保护的教养方式、心理特权以及观点采择对青少年感恩的影响机制。结果表明：（1）父母情感温暖显著正向预测青少年感恩,父母拒绝显著负向预测青少年感恩;（2）观点采择在三种父母教养方式与青少年感恩之间起中介作用,心理特权只在父母拒绝和父母过度保护与青少年感恩之间起中介作用。这表明父母教养方式通过观点采择和心理特权的中介作用影响青少年感恩,但是不同的教养方式作用路径不同。     

对明清小说中神仙形象复杂性问题的研究

明清时期通俗小说中的许多神仙形象都具有复杂性和多元性。从道教发展史的角度来看,这样的神仙形象也正是道教世俗化的产物,是“神仙”由单纯的宗教象征进入到世俗领域和普通人生活时的一种变化。本文在这一宗教背景下,探讨了明清小说中神仙形象复杂性和多元性这一文学现象与道教世俗化过程中道教神仙体系对民间神灵的吸收及改造间的联系。     

中国大学生羞耻和内疚之现象学差异

采用对２６条项目进行定量评定的方法,考察了３０５名中国大学生的羞耻和内疚在现象学表现上所存在的差异。实验结果表明：（１）在中国大学生中,羞耻和内疚在现象学上的差异与西方人基本相似;（２）与西方研究的不同点在于该研究中未发现羞耻和内疚在对个人能力的负性评价上的差异;（３）羞耻和内疚都有可能在有他人在场和无他人在场时被体验到。     

Motilin-and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in a psychophysiological stress experiment on patients with functional dyspepsia

Background  The aim of the study was to compare plasma motilin-like immunoreactivity (MOT-LI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) during a controlled psychophysiological experiment. Method  25 patients (12 men, 13 women), age 24–50, with recurrent FD, and 25 pair-wise sex- and age-matched community control subjects were studied. In an experiment, after a rest period, subjects were studied during a 15-min stress interview. The aim of the interview was to elicit anxiety. Before and during the intervention blood samples were drawn for peptide analyses. Outcome measures were the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, fasting blood glucose, heart rate and blood pressure as well as the subjects’ self-ratings on visual analogue scales. The plasma concentrations of MOT-LI and NPY-LI are given as anti-logarithms. Results  Mean plasma MOT-LI concentration was 7.3 (CI: 5.7–9.4) pmol/L in the patient group, and 7.9 (CI: 6.1–10.2) pmol/L in the control group. Mean plasma NPY-LI concentration was 14.2 (CI: 12.3–16.4) pmol/L in the patient group, and 13.4 (CI: 11.8–15.3) pmol/L in the control group. Using ANCOVA (covariates: group, gender, age, body mass index and smoking) MOT-LI was related to lower indigestion symptomatology (p<0.04) and positive change in joyfulness during the interview (p<0.03). In the patient group delta motilin correlated with increased joyfulness (p<0.03) and decreased sadness (p<0.03). The NPY-LI increase during the interview was related to higher fasting blood glucose before the interview (p<0.01) and a stronger increase in systolic blood pressure during the test (p<0.05). Conclusion: During a stress interview plasma MOT-LI is positively related to less indigestion symptomatology and joyfulness, while changes in plasma NPY-LI were positively related to sympathetic nervous system activity, but not to gastrointestinal symptoms.     

Classical and modern racial prejudice: a study of attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden

In two studies we develop and validate a Classical — overt or direct — and a Modern — covert or subtle — Racial Prejudice Scale, concerning attitudes toward immigrants, for a Swedish (Scandinavian) context. Further, we examine whether these two forms of prejudice are distinguishable. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that, although highly correlated, classical and modern racial prejudice are distinguishable. This conclusion was also supported by various construct validations. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies that compare the content and structure of modern and classical racism. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题.近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播.政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的"人民战争",我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行.