金钱刺激和决策者角色对个体道德决策的影响——基于过程分离范式

以大学生为被试,采用3（金钱刺激：无金钱刺激、金钱奖励、金钱惩罚）×2（决策者角色：决策者、旁观者）的被试间实验设计,利用过程分离范式分别计算被试道德决策中的功利主义倾向和道义论倾向,从而探讨金钱刺激和决策者角色对个体道德决策的影响。结果发现：（1）无论是决策者还是旁观者,金钱刺激都不会影响其道义论倾向;（2）决策者的道义论倾向大于旁观者;（3）只在有金钱奖励时决策者的功利主义倾向才大于旁观者。     

现代技术与奢侈关系的伦理反思

现代技术的发展带来了奢侈消费重心的转移、奢侈消费权利的再分配和奢侈消费观念的变革,影响着大众的消费伦理意识.应当从技术创新角度审视现代技术与奢侈的关系,辩证地看待奢侈品的生产与消费;同时,要防止消费行为脱离伦理规约,避免奢侈消费带来社会分配的不公正和对自然环境的损害.     

早期子宫颈癌根治性子宫颈切除术的临床应用

近年来子宫颈癌发病率呈现上升及年轻化趋势,年轻宫颈癌患者需要保留生育功能.随着研术式和腹腔镜的发展,子宫颈根治性切除术作为治疗早期宫颈癌的一种新的治疗方法,严格掌握其手术实施的适应证,结合医学伦理学和循证医学的原则,既达到了根治性的目的,又充分考虑到生育功能的保留.因此子宫颈根治性切除术是一种可行、有效、合理的手术方式.     

早期子宫颈癌根治性子宫颈切除术的临床应用

近年来子宫颈癌发病率呈现上升及年轻化趋势,年轻宫颈癌患者需要保留生育功能。随着新术式和腹腔镜的发展,子宫颈根治性切除术作为治疗早期宫颈癌的一种新的治疗方法,严格掌握其手术实施的适应证,结合医学伦理学和循证医学的原则,既达到了根治性的目的,又充分考虑到生育功能的保留。因此子宫颈根治性切除术是一种可行、有效、合理的手术方式。     

Relation Between Childhood Maltreatment and Severe Intrafamilial Male‐Perpetrated Physical Violence in Chinese Community: The Mediating Role of Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorder Features

This study investigates the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) features as mediators of the effects of childhood maltreatment on severe intrafamilial physical violence amongst Chinese male perpetrators. A cross‐sectional survey and face‐to‐face interview were conducted to examine childhood maltreatment, personality disorder features, impulsivity, aggression, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 206 abusive men in China. The results suggest that ASPD or BPD features mediate between childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence perpetration in Chinese abusive men. These findings may yield clinical and forensic implications for assessing the psychopathology of abusive men, and may steer the intervention of intimate partner violence. Aggr. Behav. 38:64‐76, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Effects of School Bonding on High School Seniors’ Academic Achievement

The authors examine the effects of school bonding on academic achievement (measured by math achievement scores) in a sample of 12th graders from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 ( Ingels, Pratt, Rogers, Siegel, & Stutts, 2005 ). Components of school bonding have proximal and distal effects on academic achievement. Attachment to school and school involvement had direct effects on achievement; attachment to teachers and school commitment behaviors had indirect effects on achievement through school‐related delinquency and prior achievement. Implications for counselors are discussed.     

基因治疗的伦理问题及对策探讨

基因治疗在给患者带来生命希望的同时,也带来了诸如潜在的风险、技术的滥用、责任的漠视、公平的忽略、生命的亵渎等前所未有的伦理问题.有必要从构建基因治疗的伦理原则、健全基因治疗的法律规范、建立基因干预的准入与审批机制、提高从业人员的道德意识等方面对基因治疗进行规范,使基因治疗这一新兴技术向着为人类造福的方向持续健康发展.     

Outpatient Psychotropic Medication Use in the US: A Comparison Based on Foster Care Status

Using data from the Client/Patient Sample Survey, a nationally representative study of outpatient mental health service utilization, the prevalence and correlates of psychotropic medication receipt for youth who live with families and in foster care are compared. The medication rate is similar for both groups, with slightly more than one-third of youth treated with medication. Additionally, when medication is prescribed, it is the sole intervention provided for close to one half of each group, and the distribution of other services received (such as clinical case management and collateral services) is similar, regardless of living situation. However, the predictors of medication use differ for the two groups. Among foster care youth, only presenting problems of depressed mood, being withdrawn, and suicidality significantly increase the odds of medication; among youth with families, sociodemographic characteristics (male gender), and a range of clinical factors (disruptive behavior disorder, presenting problems of hyperactivity and sleep disturbance, prior mental health service receipt, and inpatient or residential care referral sources) increase the likelihood of medication. The conclusion that distinct sets of factors predict medication for the two groups was reinforced by results of multivariate analyses; foster care status moderates the association between medication receipt and only one of the correlates examined (gender). Implications, limitations, and areas for future research are presented.     

阿尔茨海默病的非药物干预与照料

目前阿尔茨海默病尚无根治性的治疗方法,药物治疗基本上是针对临床症状的对症治疗,只能在一定时期内起到改善或延缓疾病发展的作用。非药物治疗包括心理、社会、环境等综合干预,通过多重感官刺激、身体和智能锻炼、芳香治疗、感觉刺激、个性化音乐等方法,配合药物治疗以期尽可能长地保持阿尔茨海默病患者的功能水平,延迟日常生活能力的下降,减轻照料者负担,从而改善阿尔茨海默病患者及其家属的生活质量。对照料者的培训是非药物治疗的重要环节,照料的质量直接影响患者及家属的情绪和生活质量。     

Inhibitory Control and Moral Emotions: Relations to Reparation in Early and Middle Childhood

ABSTRACT. This study examined links between inhibitory control, moral emotions (sympathy and guilt), and reparative behavior in an ethnically diverse sample of 4- and 8-year-olds (N = 162). Caregivers reported their children's reparative behavior, inhibitory control, and moral emotions through a questionnaire, and children reported their guilt feelings in response to a series of vignettes depicting moral transgressions. A hypothesized meditation model was tested with inhibitory control relating to reparative behavior through sympathy and guilt. In support of this model, results revealed that high levels of inhibitory control were associated with high levels of reparative behavior through high levels of sympathy and guilt. However, the mediation of inhibitory control to reparation through guilt was significant for 4-year-olds only. Results are discussed in relation to the temperamental, regulatory, and affective-moral precursors of reparative behavior in early and middle childhood.