"社会福音"与边地社会改良——中华基督教会边疆服务运动中的妇女事工

1939年冬,中华基督教会全国总会发起了一场旨在服务边疆以巩固抗战后方的社会运动即边疆服务运动.这场运动持续进行了16年,其中涉及有大量与妇女事工和福音传播事业相关的内容.中华基督教会全国总会为开展这一事业,专门成立了边疆服务部,设置了若干服务区,从教育、卫生、生计等各方面推进川西北少数民族地区和西康地区的妇女工作.与此同时,边部非常注重对边地妇女的传教授道,以促进基督教福音事业在边地的发展.边疆服务是一项有价值的社会事业,曾经得到社会的广泛认同和支持,所进行的社会改造及福音传播工作均取得了-定成绩,在边地内外均产生了较大的社会影响.因为篇幅的缘故,本文讨论的时间范围大致限定在1949年之前.     

After-School Supervision, Psychosocial Impact, and Adolescent Smoking and Alcohol Use in China

We examined effects of self-care after school hours and psychosocial factors on cigarette smoking and alcohol use among adolescents in China. Survey data were obtained from 4734 7th and 11th grade students from seven cities across China. Students were queried about the frequency and quantity of unsupervised self-care after school in an average week. Tobacco and alcohol usage were also obtained. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the strength of association between unsupervised self-care after school and substance use. Results indicated that the amount of self-care after-school (how many days and how many hours per week) was significantly associated with increased risk for smoking and alcohol use among Chinese adolescents. These associations remained significant even after controlling for anxiety, depressive symptoms, and peer influence. The interaction between unsupervised self-care after school and peer influence indicated that unsupervised self-care after school is a stronger risk factor for smoking among adolescents with pro-smoking friends. The findings suggest that substance use prevention programs for youth in China should try to enhance parental monitoring. As it may not be feasible for families to revert to a lifestyle that includes supervision by relatives, other approaches such as organized after-school care are worthy of consideration.     

西西弗及其他 ——对于"超越性"的一种文化反思

存在主义作家伽缪在其《西西弗的神话》中通过“背谬”概念表达了对于人的存在意义的反思。这一意义体现于人的有限性和其完美与大全的理念(超越性)之间无法消解的张力。该文在确定这一点的同时,指出了这种背谬意识是西方文化隐密的本质,也是其异于中国传统文化的深层根据。     

箱庭疗法缓解初中生考试焦虑的有效性

以18名考试焦虑初中生为被试,采用等组前后测设计,以考察箱庭疗法缓解考试焦虑的效果,并与放松训练进行比较。结果表明:箱庭疗法与放松训练一样能够有效地缓解初中生的考试焦虑情绪,但其干预效果的保持性要优于放松训练。     

The resilience status of Chinese left-behind children in rural areas: a meta-analysis

The resilience has become the main trend of the left-behind children's (LBC) mental health research. To evaluate the resilience status of Chinese LBC in rural areas, a meta-analysis was performed. Relevant studies were identified using electronic databases from 1990 to 2017. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated with fixed and random effects models. A total of 14 cross-sectional studies with 9777 individuals were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed there was significant difference in the aspects of family support and RSCA (Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents) total score between LBC and non-left-behind children (NLBC). After stratification subgroup, significant difference in RSCA total score was also found in subgroup with sample size ≥700 and target population (LBC) between LBC and NLBC. In addition, there was no significant difference in resilience of male and female among LBC (P >0.05). We also found RSCA total score of LBC whose one parents migratingwere higher than both parents (P <0.05) and the time of parental migration (≤2 years) were higher than others (>2 years). In conclusion, more attention should be paid to the LBC, especially both parents migrating or parental migration (>2 years).     

领导幽默风格对团队内部学习的影响

采用幽默风格量表（HSQ）、领导成员交换量表（LMX-16）和团队内部学习问卷,以325名事业单位员工为调查对象,研究了领导幽默风格和团队内部学习、领导成员交换的关系。结果发现：（1）亲和型领导幽默和自强型领导幽默正向影响团队内部学习,嘲讽型领导幽默和自贬型领导幽默负向影响团队内部学习。（2）亲和型领导幽默和嘲讽型领导幽默对团队内部学习的影响完全通过领导成员交换起作用,自强型领导幽默对团队内部学习的影响部分通过领导成员交换起作用。（3）自强型领导幽默与嘲讽型领导幽默通过领导成员交换对团队内部学习的影响都大于亲和型领导幽默;自强型领导幽默对团队内部学习的直接效应大于自贬型领导幽默。     

Bimodal Logics with Contingency and Accident

Contingency and accident are two important notions in philosophy and philosophical logic. Their meanings are so close that they are mixed up sometimes, in both daily life and academic research. This indicates that it is necessary to study them in a unified framework. However, there has been no logical research on them together. In this paper, we propose a language of a bimodal logic with these two concepts, investigate its model-theoretical properties such as expressivity and frame definability. We axiomatize this logic over various classes of frames, whose completeness proofs are shown with the help of a crucial schema. The interactions between contingency and accident can sharpen our understanding of both notions. Then we extend the logic to a dynamic case: public announcements. By finding the required reduction axioms, we obtain a complete axiomatization, which gives us a good application to Moore sentences.

     

双重缺陷汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的言语工作记忆和阅读能力研究

选取语音意识和快速自动命名双重缺陷的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童,探讨其言语工作记忆和阅读能力的发展特点。实验选取双重缺陷的发展性阅读障碍（DD）、年龄匹配（CA）和能力匹配（RL）三组儿童各25名,要求他们完成言语工作记忆（数字广度、汉字广度）和阅读（一分钟词汇阅读、三分钟句子阅读）任务。结果发现,DD儿童的数字倒背位数、一分钟读词数、三分钟读过字数和句子理解正确率均显著低于CA儿童,而与RL儿童差异不显著;DD儿童的句子阅读正确率显著低于CA、RL儿童。表明双重缺陷DD儿童在言语工作记忆和阅读能力上存在一定程度的发展滞后和缺陷。     

人脑自适应多尺度功能连接的性别差异

已有脑成像研究展示了男女脑功能差异, 但功能磁共振信号的频率划分通常基于主观经验, 使脑功能性别差异的生物学解释遭遇瓶颈。本文提出人脑自适应多尺度功能连接算法, 刻画功能连接的时空多尺度特性, 揭示出0.06~0.10 Hz的性别差异：男性较强的连接主要与边缘网络和腹侧注意网络有关, 女性较强的连接主要与腹侧注意网络、视觉网络和额顶网络有关。     

“易得性启发式”与决策框架对风险决策倾向的影响

研究目的:探讨易得性启发式对风险决策认知过程的影响,以及易得性启发式与决策框架相互作用下的风险投资行为特点。方法:采用2×2×7混合实验设计和情境实验。结果:成功结果的易得性启发式导致对风险决策问题采用自上而下加工,失败结果为自下而上加工;成功结果时投资倾向为风险趋向,失败结果为风险规避;易得性启发式与决策框架共同影响风险投资倾向。结论:易得性启发式影响风险决策的认知加工过程,并与决策框架对风险投资倾向产生交互作用。