THE INCREMENTAL VALIDITY OF INTERVIEW SCORES OVER AND ABOVE COGNITIVE ABILITY AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS SCORES

Recent research has suggested that scores on measures of cognitive ability, measures of Conscientiousness, and interview scores are positively correlated with job performance. There remains, however, a question of incremental validity: To what extent do interviews predict above and beyond cognitive ability and Conscientiousness? This question was addressed in this paper by (a) conducting meta‐analyses of the relationships among cognitive ability, Conscientiousness, and interviews, (b) combining these results with predictive validity results from previous meta‐analyses to form a “meta‐correlation matrix” representing the relationships among cognitive ability, Conscientiousness, interviews, and job performance, and (c) performing 9 hierarchical regressions to examine the incremental validity of 3 levels of structured interviews in best, actual, and worst case scenarios for prediction. Results suggested that interview scores contribute to the prediction of job performance over and above cognitive ability and Conscientiousness to the extent that they are structured, with scores from highly structured interviews contributing substantially to prediction. Directions for future research are discussed.     

Gender-related personality traits and interpersonal resource exchange among brother—sister relationships

Brother-sister relationships are understudied within the field of personal relationships. Accordingly, the present study examines patterns of interpersonal resource exchange (drawing upon resource exchange theory; Foa & Foa, 1974), along with influences of gender-related personality traits (i.e., agency and communion) on individuals’giving of interpersonal resources (i.e., affection and respect), among 79 brother-sister pairs. Consistent with predictions, brothers’and sisters’exchanges of both affection and respect were positive and significant. Also, consistent with predictions, communion was a positive and significant predictor of respectful behavior among sisters. However, contrary to hypotheses, communion did not achieve or approach significance as a predictor of respectful behavior among brothers, nor did communion achieve or approach significance as a predictor of affectionate behavior among sisters or brothers Implications for the study of male-female relationships in general—and brother-sister relationships in particular—are discussed.     

Responding to problems: The roles of severity and barriers

In even the most satisfying relationships, couples face specific problems, varying in severity. Partners may strategically devote more time and effort to actively working on their most severe problems. However, actively addressing problems comes with risks, especially for partners who perceive barriers to leaving the relationship. Two studies of partners in seriously dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships examined responses to problems of varying degrees of severity and the role of barriers. In each, a positive association was found between the severity of problems and use of various strategies to address the problems. However, barriers to leaving the relationship moderated these associations, such that partners with more barriers to leaving were less likely to actively address their more severe problems.     

OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES OF PEOPLE WHO CONDUCT PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS

Outcome expectancies of people who conduct performance appraisals were identified in two disparate industries, newsprint and banking, using two methodologies: interviewing and administering a questionnaire. The alternate hypothesis was that appraisers perceive the consequences to them of conducting a thorough appraisal (i.e., giving negative as well as positive feedback) as aversive. This hypothesis was rejected. Appraisers did not perceive any consequences to them for conducting appraisals. Moderate support for the alternate hypothesis was obtained in the second study.     

Pornography: Research Review and Implications for Counseling

The author reviews the current definitions, models, and research literature available on pornography. The influence of the media on attitudes toward women and sexual aggression are discussed. Suggestions are made for educational and counseling interventions.     

Reflections on Bill Kell: The Legend and His Legacy

Bill Kell influenced many contemporary counseling psychologists through his work as author and as director of training at the Michigan State University Counseling Center from 1957 until his death in 1973. This article describes the legend and legacy of Bill Kell, by using excerpts from six oral histories collected from former trainees, colleagues, and family members.     

Creating Options: A Career Development Training Program for Minorities

The lack of minority counselors in the field of career planning and placement often leaves minority students without the option of seeing a counselor of the same race. This article describes a training program designed to introduce minority staff to the field of career planning and placement as a possible career choice. The program goals, recruitment and selection strategies, training design, and implications for other institutions are discussed.     

The Assessment of Burnout: A Review of Three Inventories Useful for Research and Counseling

Three self-report inventories designed to respond to the syndrome of burnout in helping professionals are reviewed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals, and the Tedium Scale are each described for their use in measuring occupational burnout. The development of the instruments and related research are outlined with recommendations for future studies. Suggestions for use of the inventories in diagnostic and counseling settings are discussed.