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201.
202.
An emergent social science of knowledge applications, drawing on a substantial multidisciplinary literature published over the past twenty-five years, signals an inversion of typical scholarly reasoning about the knowledge-society nexus. Whereas most scholarly research thus far has concentrated on conditions believed to affect the production of scientific and professional knowledge, we pose a new problematic: What must we examine in order to comprehend and consciously shape applications of scientific and professional knowledge to the manifold problems facing contemporary societies? To date, approaches to this problematic have proceeded on the basis of four broadly accepted if abstract theses about the nature of contemporary knowledge systems: subjectivity, corrigibility, sociality, and complexity. Within the boundaries supplied by these commonly accepted theses are unresolved controversies expressed in competing visions of complexity, alternative perspectives of causation, rival images of progress, and conflicting criteria of application. 相似文献
203.
Darrell L. Butler 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(2):175-177
In this paper, I discuss a number of issues concerning software selection in instructional laboratories. First, I describe several taxonomies of instructional software and argue that the most important dimension of instructional software is that it must be an efficient tool. Second, I discuss some elements of the context of the instructional lab, including sophistication of users. Third, I explore design features, especially those related to ease of learning to use packages. Several other issues are also considered, such as where to find software reviews. 相似文献
204.
This article presents a simulation-based tutorial system for exploring parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of information processing. The system consists of software and an accompanying handbook. The intent of the package is to make the ideas underlying PDP accessible and to disseminate some of the main simulation programs that we have developed. This article presents excerpts from the handbook that describe the approach taken, the organization of the handbook, and the software that comes with it. An example is given that illustrates the approach we have taken to teaching PDP, which involves presentation of relevant mathematical background, together with tutorial exercises that make use of the simulation programs. 相似文献
205.
Darrell L. Butler 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(2):218-220
This paper compares several software packages that allow users to create new computer-run experiments, but do not require that users be able to program. Three dimensions are considered: package requirements, ease of learning, and power and flexibility. 相似文献
206.
Douglas N. Walton 《Argumentation》1988,2(2):233-254
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of burden of proof in argument. Relationship of burden of proof to three traditional informal fallacies is considered: (i) argumentum ad hominem, (ii) petitio principii, and (iii) argumentum ad ignorantiam. Other topics discussed include persuasive dialoque, pragmatic reasoning, legal burden of proof, plausible reasoning in regulated disputes, rules of dialogue, and the value of reasoned dialogue. 相似文献
207.
This paper describes an amplifier for an electroencephalograph with gain of 1×104 to 1×106 and made entirely of commercially available IC components. The two-stage amplifier has a preamplifier stage with fixed gain of 1000, and a second stage with variable gain from 1 to 100. The final stage, an anti-aliasing filter, adds a gain of 10 to the signal. The circuit has high common mode rejection, low input bias current, very low noise characteristics, low offset voltages, and offset nulling capability built into the circuit. 相似文献
208.
Gordon W. Russell Sherry L. Di Lullo Dany Di Lullo 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1988,7(4):312-321
Males were randomly assigned to view either (1) a film clip featuring hockey fights or (2) a film of nonaggressive hockey
action or (3) a no-film control condition after having first been angered or treated politely by an experimental confederate.
The dependent variable was represented by a measure of aggressive mood and a behavioral measure of retaliatory aggression.
Analyses revealed that both angered and nonangered subjects exhibited an increase in aggressive mood following exposure to
the fight film. However, the analysis involving retaliatory aggression against the confederate yielded an anger x film interaction.
While angered subjects were more aggressive than nonangered, only angered subjects retaliated against the confederate after
viewing the fight film. The results were discussed in terms of Berkowitz’s (1974) aggressive cue theory.
A version of this paper was presented at the meeting of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Edmonton, Canada,
November 1987. 相似文献
209.
Fear of Success (FOS) was originally conceived as a unidimensional motive. However, there is both theoretical and empirical
support for the hypothesis that FOS is multidimensional. We factor analyzed the responses of 236 undergraduates to twenty-oneConcern Over the Negative Consequences of Success items and found four factors. Our four factors show considerable overlap with dimensions based on theoretical accounts of
FOS etiology as well as with the factor structures obtained from two other factor analytic studies. Thus, there is converging
evidence that FOS is multidimensional. The relationship between multidimensional FOS and a multidimensional approach to achievement
motivation is discussed. 相似文献
210.