Effects of received and mobilized support on recipients' and providers' self-efficacy beliefs: a 1-year follow-up study with patients receiving radical prostatectomy and their spouses

From a proactive agentic perspective, social support is not just seen as a protective cushion against environmental demands. Rather, support may facilitate an individual's self-regulation by enhancing perceived self-efficacy (i.e., enabling hypothesis). In the present study, patient-reported indicators of mobilized and received spousal support as predictors of their own and their spouses' self-efficacy beliefs were investigated within 1 year following radical prostatectomy. During this time frame, postoperative sequelae such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunctions are still likely to interfere with couples' everyday activities. Seventy-two patients receiving radical prostatectomy and their spouses participated. Patients' and spouses' self-efficacy beliefs and patients' received and mobilized spousal support were assessed prior to and 12 months following surgery. Additional patient-reported covariates at 1 year post-surgery were degree of bother by urinary incontinence, overall sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Results indicated that patients' received spousal support was associated with higher levels of patients' self-efficacy only cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. Support mobilized by the patient prior to and 1 year after surgery, however, positively predicted spouses' levels and changes in self-efficacy. Results, thus, did not fully confirm predictions by the enabling hypothesis of social support; rather, associated aspects, such as the degree of being mobilized as a provider of support or being needed, seem to enhance agency beliefs in spouses.     

卡尔·马克思在尤·茹柯夫斯基先生的法庭上

《资本论》第一卷是马克思侨居伦敦时完成的,1867年在汉堡用德文出版,它探究资本主义生产方式的规律,其经验典型是英国,其现实关切则主要是德国。饶有意味的是,同时代的热切评论却以俄国最为突出。英国似乎一向有自己应对问题的办法,德国也没有出现《资本论》学说是否适用于德国的疑虑,但俄国理论界关于《资本论》却显示出深深的不安。一方面是对《资本论》的辩证法、剩余价值学说的觉察或格外重视,此类理论评议既不限于俄国,也不源于俄国。另一方面则是就《资本论》学说而思虑俄国的历史、现状与未来,这是颇具俄国特色的。而这种特色之意义,其实也不限于当时的俄国。马克思对《资本论》的俄式效应很重视,曾数次提出有针对性的回应,这些回应在马克思主义史上均有重要意义。1877年,俄国《祖国纪事》杂志刊出了米海洛夫斯基意在为马克思《资本论》辩护的文章《卡尔·马克思在尤·茹柯夫斯基先生的法庭上》,针对的是此前茹柯夫斯基对《资本论》的批评文章。但在马克思看来,米海洛夫斯基的理解也有自身的问题,于是马克思当年拟就了后来名为《给〈祖国纪事〉杂志编辑部的信》的文件,其要点之一是表示不应把《资本论》的学说简单理解为关于一般发展道路的历...     

马克思与目的论

马克思将历史看作是不断进步的发展过程。这种解释常常招致批评,在批评者看来,马克思和黑格尔一样,把历史描绘成单一的目的论过程,因为马克思认为历史进程将最终达至无阶级的共产主义社会。这一批评是合理的吗?如果马克思的哲学中存在目的论观念,那么这种观念在其中扮演着怎样的角色?马克思本人对此语焉不详。我们通过对阿尔都塞历史无主体观点的批判性讨论发现,马克思主义最好被看成是一种自然主义的目的论,它描绘了人类主体的历史性突现。通过将马克思的历史理论与达尔文的进化论进行比较,我们也可以得出上述结论。     

苏联科学院的《哲学问题》杂志

中华人民共和国的各界人士对现代苏联社会生活各个领域中正在发生着的那些变化显然是有所了解的。苏共中央1985年4月全会的著名决议、苏共27大和苏共中央其他一些全会的文件提出了苏联发展的战略方针,苏共中央总书记M.C.戈尔巴乔夫在他的许多讲话中进一步阐发了这一战略方针。其中对苏联社会当前发展阶段的实质做了如下的理     

在创制与实践之间:女性与艺术

谨以此文纪念玛尔特·韦里,她将她的涂红木板靠墙摆在蓬皮杜国家艺术文化中心,然后与世长辞.富于创造力的女性在艺术史中的缺席或最起码乏善可陈的存在,一直未经检视.它反映出这群女性在由政治制度支撑、决定生活世界形态的过程中的缺席.这一缺席要么是通过忽视这群女性的所谓普选权,要么是通过仍有待实现的代表权均等.     

西部沙漠图像研究:岩画的神话叙事和图形语汇

引言在西部沙漠中,神话叙事将各地的自然特征,比如山脉和岬角,联系在一起;通常这些梦境节点(Dreaming nodes)也是发现岩画的主要区域.这里的岩画遗址除了一系列其他世俗的和未确定的主题外,还经常包含被描述为代表祖先的图案(参见伯恩特,1964;帕尔默,1975,1977).     

Abortion and self-defense

Davis examines a view held in common by those she classifies as "restrictives," "moderates," and "permissives," that the right of self-defense justifies a pregnant woman's seeking an abortion when her life is at risk. While maintaining that abortion to preserve a woman's life is morally defensible, she argues that the doctrine of self-defense has been misapplied because the entitlement to self-defense has been misunderstood, and because the woman-fetus relationship precludes regarding the problem of abortion as simply a balancing of rights. She concludes that the defense of therapeutic abortion is neither straightforward nor unproblematic.     

源远流长的公教文学

在浩如繁星的文学流派中,公教文学以其独具魅力在历史上占有特殊的地位。虽然,在人们的印象中,它传承的是希伯来文化和希腊文化的人文与道德观,成为西方文化的重要组成部分,但在其传播过程中,它却对世界人类文明的发展进程起到了举足轻重的作用。