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61.
10 months following a crisis-intervention training program which focused on interpretation of signal events, 17 participants more frequently reported increased belief in their ability to recognize the need for intervention and to intervene effectively than did 22 control subjects. Perceived frequency of intervention by trained participants, however, had decreased rather than increased. Implications of the findings and recommendations for research are discussed.  相似文献   
62.
This study examined the strength of delusional beliefs during the modification of delusional verbalizations of a 51 year-old chronically mentally ill inpatient. The changing-criterion design was used to document the effectiveness of a behavioral treatment package to alter the rate of delusional responses to personal background questions. The results revealed a stepwise decline in the frequency of delusional responses. Generalization effects to novel interviewers were obtained. No changes were obtained on the subject's ratings of delusional beliefs, with the subject assigning ratings of absolute conviction to his beliefs throughout the duration of the study.  相似文献   
63.
Response time variability (RTV) is a useful measure of sustained attention; however, little is known about developmental changes in RTV at different temporal frequencies. Thirty-five 6-year-olds, 31 8-year-olds, and 37 10-year-olds completed the fixed-sequence Sustained Attention to Response Task on three occasions, six months apart. Fast Fourier Transform and ex-Gaussian analyses of response time (RT) data assessed momentary fluctuations in RT, gradual changes in RT, and very long responses, thought to reflect attentional control fluctuations, slow-shifting arousal, and infrequent lapses in attention, respectively. A half-by-half analysis measured within-occasion time-on-task effects. The 10-to 11-year-olds performed with less momentary fluctuations in RT, fewer long responses, and fewer commission and omission errors than the younger groups. This group performed well in the first half of the task but showed time-on-task effects on measures of momentary fluctuations in RT, very long responses, target sensitivity (d’), and commission errors. The 6- to 7-year-olds performed less well than the older groups, and showed time-on-task effects, on almost all measures. The 8- to- 9-year-olds mostly performed at an intermediate level compared with the other groups; however, this group performed with a similar level of momentary fluctuations in RT and very long responses as the 6- to 7-year-olds. These findings indicate that there is ongoing maturation of various aspects of sustained attention on a predictable task, with a period of relative stability in performance between 8 and 9 years of age.  相似文献   
64.

Purpose

In this study, we explore the effects of travel on performance at the team level using conservation of resources (COR) theory as an explanatory mechanism. We investigate the effects of aggregate travel stress, which we define as the accumulated strain experienced by a team when traveling, on key components of team functioning and performance including team task performance, team concentration level, and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB).

Design/Methodology/Approach

We analyze 3054 games played in the National Football League across six seasons using multilevel structural equation modeling. Replicating our findings, we also analyzed an additional 11,802 games played in the National Basketball Association across five seasons.

Findings

Aggregate travel stress, as a latent construct, negatively impacts team task performance and team concentration level. Team concentration partially mediates the relationship between aggregate travel stress and CWB.

Implications

Findings suggest that travel has a deleterious effect on various forms of team functioning and performance. As a result, organizations and leaders need to be aware of the potential side effects of travel, and researchers need to further incorporate travel into models and examinations of workplace stress.

Originality/Value

This is the first study to provide a theoretically driven investigation of the effects of business travel on team outcomes and to apply COR theory to team-level phenomena. Results put forth offer a more nuanced understanding of the effects of travel as well as open up new avenues of exploration for COR theory.
  相似文献   
65.
This paper describes an investigation into the function of child-directed speech (CDS) across development. In the first experiment, 10–21-month-olds were presented with familiar words in CDS and trained on novel words in CDS or adult-directed speech (ADS). All children preferred the matching display for familiar words. However, only older toddlers in the CDS condition preferred the matching display for novel words. In Experiment 2, children 3–6 years of age were presented with a sentence comprehension task in CDS or ADS. Older children performed better overall than younger children with 5- and 6-year-olds performing above chance regardless of speech condition, while 3- and 4-year-olds only performed above chance when the sentences were presented in CDS. These findings provide support for the theory that CDS is most effective at the beginning of acquisition for particular constructions (e.g. vocabulary acquisition, syntactic comprehension) rather than at a particular age or for a particular task.  相似文献   
66.
67.
The Psychological Record - We developed an intervention to promote generalization in an applied community setting. The intervention was derived primarily from experimental research examining...  相似文献   
68.
    
Does the configuration of personal values in teams matter to team performance? Drawing from research on team composition and personal values, we conduct two studies in an effort to answer this question. In Study 1, we develop a shorter and more reliable instrument to measure personal values, the Variable Length Values Inventory (VLVI), which is unique in that the overall length of the scale can be varied; the instrument can be as short as 26 items or as long as 60 items, depending on the research question(s) of interest. In Study 2, we utilize the VLVI to test the impact of team members' values (i.e., benevolence and achievement values) on team performance. Results from 48 teams demonstrated that team member benevolence values and achievement values were related to team performance. Additionally, the achievement values of the team leader impacted performance above and beyond the influence of other team members' values. Study 2 contributes to our understanding of team composition by examining the personal values of team members and the team leader.  相似文献   
69.
    
Jamie Taylor 《Theoria》2020,86(2):268-285
Priority pluralism, perdurantism and that temporal gunk – where some interval of time is gunky iff every interval of it has a proper subinterval – is at least metaphysically possible, are three commonly held views in contemporary metaphysics. However, there cannot be a temporally gunky world where objects perdure, and where there are mereological simples. Given that – as I will argue – pluralists should be committed to atomism, and cannot plausibly revise their view to accommodate temporal gunk if they are perdurantists, pluralism is incompatible with the combination of temporal gunk and perdurantism. Therefore, priority pluralism, perdurantism and the possibility of temporal gunk are jointly incompatible, and at least one of these views must be false. Subsequently, it means that at least one of the following views must be true: priority monism or metaphysical infinitism; endurantism; and/or that time is atomistic. The triad's inconsistency, then, has some interesting metaphysical implications.  相似文献   
70.
    
Abstract

The U.S. correctional system has become the epicenter for public health and mental health crisis. This article discusses literature documenting incarcerated transgender individuals’ mental health treatment. The severity of mental illness treatment issues within the system amongst transgender and other LGBTQ?+?individuals, clearly displays the need for interventions tailored to this population. Recommended interventions are centered around post traumatic response and cater to those who exist in marginalized populations with consideration given to the significance of family strain and support. Overall, there is a need for a shift in mindset and available services to treat incarcerated transgender individuals.  相似文献   
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