维生素D3及其受体的临床意义

1,25-(OH)2D3是维生素D在体内发挥生理作用的活性形式.活性维生素D3通过与细胞内特异性维生素D受体结合,除了具有调节钙磷代谢的功能外,还发现其可预防和治疗骨质疏松、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病和一些肿瘤等.然而,维生素D缺乏在人群中非常普遍.     

权力感知对怀旧偏好的影响机制

作者考察了权力感知对消费者怀旧偏好的影响及其心理机制。通过3个实验, 作者发现低权力者比高权力者更加偏好怀旧产品或怀旧品牌, 而寻找生活意义的动机在该影响过程中起中介作用。具体而言, 权力的缺失导致个体认为自己的生活缺乏意义, 进而激发出寻找生活意义的动机。由于怀旧可以通过回忆有意义的事件和提供社会支持两条途径来帮助个体重拾生活意义, 因此低权力的消费者倾向于进行怀旧消费。这一研究发现进一步丰富了现有的权力和怀旧文献, 并对怀旧营销的设计具有重要的实践指导意义。     

小学一年级数感不良儿童的筛查与动态干预

首先编制测查小学一年级儿童数感发展水平的测验, 以筛查出数感发展不良儿童并进行数量转换和数量估计的动态干预。将数感不良儿童分为干预组(29人)和控制组(27人), 并以数感正常儿童作为对照组(40人), 以比较干预训练对儿童数感水平和与之密切相关的计算流畅性的促进作用。同时进一步考查数感和计算流畅性的作用方向。结果发现：(1)所编制的儿童数感发展测验信效度良好, 能有效评估一年级儿童的数感水平; (2)数感不良儿童经干预后, 其数感水平较控制组有了明显改善, 计算流畅性水平也显著提高, 甚至达到正常组儿童的水平; (3)数感对计算流畅性有明显的预测作用, 是计算流畅性的基础。     

未来取向研究概述

未来取向是指个人的思想和行为偏好未来的方向, 同时也是个体对于未来的思考和规划过程。未来取向心理结构的代表性观点有要素观、过程观和动机认知行为观。主要测量方式包括问卷法、投射法、圆环测验、讲故事技术和完成故事技术。个体的年龄、性别、人格和情绪等是未来取向的主要影响因素。未来取向在健康行为、物质滥用和学业成绩等方面起着积极作用。明确未来取向的功能机制、完善测量工具、采用精巧的实验设计并进一步探讨未来取向的脑机制是未来研究的方向。     

Assortative matching for sex-role and marriage adjustment

Eighty-two middle-class married couples were administered the Bem Sex-role Inventory, a newly derived Behavioral Inventory measuring sex-role by task performance and the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It was hypothesized that individuals are assortatively matched by sex-role in marriage, that all-androgynous couples have greater marriage adjustment (MA) than stereotypic couples who are, in turn, higher than ‘other’ couples (undifferentiated or cross-type), and that there is an interaction effect with certain combinations more deleterious to MA than others. All hypotheses were supported and evidence presented that matching occured by selection rather than as a result of living together. In addition, subsequent analysis indicated that men's sex-roles are more associated with MA than women's sex-roles.     

儿童严重脓毒症的认识现状

儿童严重脓毒症是危重病医学所面临的主要课题及难题.脓毒症发病机制复杂,危及全身各个系统、器官,治疗比较困难,尽管有药物治疗、脏器支持等治疗方法,脓毒症致儿童病死率仍居高不下.近年来,连续性血液净化广泛应用于脓毒症、全身炎症反应综合征及多器官功能障碍综合征的治疗并取得较好疗效,血液净化被视为严重脓毒症的一种有效治疗手段.     

The Measurement of Ambiguity for Thematic Cards

Students' ability to validate the results from their own psychological tests was examined in two experiments. In Experiment I, sophomore, senior, and graduate students were presented with their actual and inverted profiles from the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and the Students were asked to select their actual profiles. The senior and graduate students could reliably select their own profiles while the sophomore students could not. In Experiment 2, sophomore students were presented with their actual and inverted profiles from the CPI and the Differential Aptitudes Test (DAT) and the students were asked to select their actual profiles. The students were able to reliably select their actual profiles for both tests.     

遗忘的药物——呋喃妥因在尿路感染中的应用

随着抗生素的不断发明和应用,目前临床中已经发生很多耐药菌的尿路感染,极大地增加了医疗负担。呋喃妥因虽已使用50多年,但很少耐药菌株,费用低廉,临床仍有广阔的应用前景。本文复习呋喃妥因的相关指南推荐、作用机制、体内代谢、临床抗菌特点和副作用等,希望引起对这个被临床逐渐遗忘的药物重视。     

汉字字形关联对错误记忆的影响

采用DRM范式,研究汉字字形关联对错误记忆的影响。实验以占汉字主体的形声字为材料。学习阶段使用了两类字表:在一半字表中,各字表内汉字及相应的关键诱饵具有相同形旁;另一半字表中,各字表内汉字及相应关键诱饵具有相同声旁。再认测试中,被试对两类关键诱饵均表现出了明显的错误记忆,并且其效应大小与字表汉字相似度成正比。这些结果说明,汉字的字形关联可以诱发错误记忆现象,并且这种错误记忆效应由汉字间字形相似度决定。