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71.
Although animal researchers established the role of testosterone as a 'social hormone' decades ago, the investigation of its causal influence on human social behaviors has only recently begun. Here, we review and discuss recent studies showing the causal effects of testosterone on social interactions in animals and humans, and outline the basic neurobiological mechanisms that might underlie these effects. Based on these recent findings, we argue that the role of testosterone in human social behavior might be best understood in terms of the search for, and maintenance of, social status. 相似文献
72.
Robinson OJ Letkiewicz AM Overstreet C Ernst M Grillon C 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(2):217-227
Individuals with anxiety disorders demonstrate altered cognitive performance including (1) cognitive biases towards negative
stimuli (affective biases) and (2) increased cognitive rigidity (e.g., impaired conflict adaptation) on affective Stroop tasks.
Threat of electric shock is frequently used to induce anxiety in healthy individuals, but the extent to which this manipulation
mimics the cognitive impairment seen in anxiety disorders is unclear. In this study, 31 healthy individuals completed an affective
Stroop task under safe and threat-of-shock conditions. We showed that threat (1) enhanced aversive processing and abolished
a positive affective bias but (2) had no effect on conflict adaptation. Threat of shock thus partially models the effects
of anxiety disorders on affective Stroop tasks. We suggest that the affective state of anxiety—which is common to both threat
and anxiety disorders—modulates the neural inhibition of subcortical aversive processing, whilst pathologies unique to anxiety
disorders modulate conflict adaptation. 相似文献
73.
Although work-family research has mushroomed over the past several decades, an implementation gap persists in putting work-family research into practice. Because of this, work-family researchers have not made a significant impact in improving the lives of employees relative to the amount of research that has been conducted. The goal of this article is to clarify areas where implementation gaps between work-family research and practice are prevalent, discuss the importance of reducing these gaps, and make the case that both better and different research should be conducted. We recommend several alternative but complementary actions for the work-family researcher: (a) work with organizations to study their policy and practice implementation efforts, (b) focus on the impact of rapid technological advances that are blurring work-family boundaries, (c) conduct research to empower the individual to self-manage the work-family interface, and (d) engage in advocacy and collaborative policy research to change institutional contexts and break down silos. Increased partnerships between industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology practitioners and researchers from many industries and disciplines could break down silos that we see as limiting development of the field. 相似文献
74.
Françoise S. Maheu Mary Dozier Amanda E. Guyer Darcy Mandell Elizabeth Peloso Kaitlin Poeth Jessica Jenness Jennifer Y. F. Lau John P. Ackerman Daniel S. Pine Monique Ernst 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):34-49
Previous research findings have linked caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect with sensitivity to threatening cues. The present preliminary study investigated whether dysfunctions of the medial temporal lobe could underlie these associations. Using fMRI, we measured medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) among 30 youths. Eleven of the youths had a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. Attention states (i.e., attention to anger, fear, or physical attributes, or passive viewing) were systematically manipulated. Relative to comparison youths, youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect showed significantly greater left amygdala and left anterior hippocampus activation during the processing of threatening information. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate altered medial temporal lobe function during the processing of threat cues in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. 相似文献
75.
There is considerable evidence indicating that people are primed to monitor social signals of disapproval. Thus far, studies on selective attention have concentrated predominantly on the spatial domain, whereas the temporal consequences of identifying socially threatening information have received only scant attention. Therefore, this study focused on temporal attention costs and examined how the presentation of emotional expressions affects subsequent identification of task-relevant information. High (n = 30) and low (n = 31) socially anxious women were exposed to a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. Emotional faces (neutral, happy, angry) were presented as the first target (T1) and neutral letter stimuli (p, q, d, b) as the second target (T2). Irrespective of social anxiety, the attentional blink was relatively large when angry faces were presented as T1. This apparent prioritized processing of angry faces is consistent with evolutionary models, stressing the importance of being especially attentive to potential signals of social threat. 相似文献
76.
77.
Combining the methods of neuroscience and economics generates powerful tools for studying the brain processes behind human social interaction. We argue that hedonic interpretations of theories of social preferences provide a useful framework that generates interesting predictions and helps interpret brain activations involved in altruistic, fair and trusting behaviors. These behaviors are consistently associated with activation in reward-related brain areas, such as the striatum, and with prefrontal activity implicated in cognitive control, the processing of emotions, and integration of benefits and costs, consistent with resolution of a conflict between self-interest and other-regarding motives. 相似文献
78.
ABSTRACT Four composite variables concerning life outcomes were derived from a brief mail questionnaire describing 478 adults, now in their 30s and 40s, who had participated as children in the Texas Adoption Project. Responses were obtained from the participants themselves, their parents, and their siblings. MMPI scores of the parental generation were correlated with the adult outcomes of their biologically related and unrelated children. The obtained correlations were low, but for the biological relationships positive parent adjustment went with positive life outcomes of their children, whereas for adoptive relationships the reverse was the case. Favorable MMPI scores from late adolescence were favorably related to adult outcomes, as were favorable personality ratings from childhood. 相似文献
79.
Ernst Zimmermann 《Studia Logica》2009,91(1):131-138
The paper presents predicate logical extensions of some subintuitionistic logics. Subintuitionistic logics result if conditions
of the accessibility relation in Kripke models for intuitionistic logic are dropped. The accessibility relation which interprets
implication in models for the propositional base subintuitionistic logic considered here is neither persistent on atoms, nor
reflexive, nor transitive. Strongly complete predicate logical extensions are modeled with a second accessibility relation,
which is a partial order, for the interpretation of the universal quantifier.
Presented by Melvin Fitting 相似文献
80.
Contingent shock is used on a small scale for behaviors that may lead to severe damages to one's body or to others. Research efforts focus on exploring variables that control the evaluation of electrical shocks. This study focuses on two practical questions, that is, whether the distance between the electrodes would influence the evaluation of shock and whether using a variable time interval in the administration would influence the evaluation of shock. Results reveal that both investigated variables control the evaluation of shock. Multiple shocks appear to produce a stronger sensation than single shocks, a phenomenon that was also revealed in previous studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献