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31.
In a series of experiments using ambiguous stimuli, we investigate the effects of displaying ordered, discrete series of images on the dynamics of figure-ground segregation. For low frame presentation speeds, the series were perceived as a sequence of discontinuous, static images, while for high speeds they were perceived as continuous. We conclude that using stimuli varying continuously along one parameter results in stronger hysteresis and reduces spontaneous switching compared to matched static stimuli with discontinuous parameter changes. The additional evidence that the size of the hysteresis effects depended on trial duration is consistent with the stochastic nature of the dynamics governing figure-ground segregation. The results showed that for continuously changing stimuli, alternative figure-ground organizations are resolved via low-level, dynamical competition. A second series of experiments confirmed these results with an ambiguous stimulus based on Petter’s effect. 相似文献
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Ablon JS Jones EE 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2005,53(2):541-68; discussion 569-78
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The present paper deals with natural intuitionistic semantics for intuitionistic logic within an intuitionistic metamathematics. We show how strong completeness of full first order logic fails. We then consider a negationless semantics à la Henkin for second order intuitionistic logic. By using the theory of lawless sequences we prove that, for such semantics, strong completeness is restorable. We argue that lawless negationless semantics is a suitable framework for a constructive structuralist interpretation of any second order formalizable theory (classical or intuitionistic, contradictory or not). 相似文献
36.
Panichi R Botti FM Ferraresi A Faralli M Kyriakareli A Schieppati M Pettorossi VE 《Human movement science》2011,30(2):314-332
Self-motion perception and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were studied during whole body yaw rotation in the dark at different static head positions. Rotations consisted of four cycles of symmetric sinusoidal and asymmetric oscillations. Self-motion perception was evaluated by measuring the ability of subjects to manually track a static remembered target. VOR was recorded separately and the slow phase eye position (SPEP) was computed. Three different head static yaw deviations (active and passive) relative to the trunk (0°, 45° to right and 45° to left) were examined. Active head deviations had a significant effect during asymmetric oscillation: the movement perception was enhanced when the head was kept turned toward the side of body rotation and decreased in the opposite direction. Conversely, passive head deviations had no effect on movement perception. Further, vibration (100 Hz) of the neck muscles splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoideus remarkably influenced perceived rotation during asymmetric oscillation. On the other hand, SPEP of VOR was modulated by active head deviation, but was not influenced by neck muscle vibration. Through its effects on motion perception and reflex gain, head position improved gaze stability and enhanced self-motion perception in the direction of the head deviation. 相似文献
37.
Enrico Moriconi 《Topoi》2012,31(1):67-75
The aim of this paper is to reconsider several proposals that have been put forward in order to develop a Proof-Theoretical
Semantics, from the by now classical neo-verificationist approach provided by D. Prawitz and M. Dummett in the Seventies, to an alternative, more recent approach
mainly due to the work of P. Schroeder-Heister and L. Halln?s, based on clausal definitions. Some other intermediate proposals
are very briefly sketched. Particular attention will be given to the role played by the so-called Fundamental Assumption.
We claim that whereas, in the neo-verificationist proposal, the condition expressed by that Assumption is necessary to ensure
the completeness of the justification procedure (from the outside, so to speak), within the definitional framework it is a built-in feature of the proposal. The latter approach, therefore, appears as an alternative solution to the problem which prompted
the neo-verificationists to introduce the Fundamental Assumption. 相似文献
38.
Enrico Zoffoli 《Res Publica》2012,18(4):351-366
In this paper I argue that Rawlsians have largely misunderstood the idea of an overlapping consensus of reasonable comprehensive doctrines, thereby failing to delineate in an appropriate way the place of comprehensive doctrines in political liberalism. My argument rests on two core claims. The first claim is that (i) political liberalism is committed to three theses about the overlapping consensus. The first thesis concerns the subject of the overlapping consensus; the second thesis concerns the function of the overlapping consensus; the third thesis explains how the overlapping consensus can serve its function in accordance with political liberalism??s commitment to epistemic neutrality. The second claim on which my argument relies is empirical: (ii) Rawlsians typically deny at least one of the three theses to which political liberalism is committed. Based on (i) and (ii), I conclude that Rawlsians have hitherto provided unconvincing accounts of the place of comprehensive doctrines in political liberalism. 相似文献
39.
Francesco Pagnini Christian Lunetta Paolo Banfi Gabriella Rossi Ksenija Gorni Gianluca Castelnuovo Massimo Corbo Enrico Molinari 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2012,31(1):79-87
A large number of studies have investigated a variety of psychological aspects in people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,
but there is still considerable uncertainty concerning the actual morbidity, in particular for anxiety. We aim to evaluate
depression levels and anxiety disposition in ALS patients and their caregivers, in comparison to healthy controls. We conducted
a cross-sectional comparison between people with ALS, their caregivers and a non-clinical control group in order to evaluate
anxiety and depression levels. 40 ALS patients, their caregivers and 40 healthy adult subjects completed the Beck Depression
Inventory II (BDI-II) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—Y2 scale (STAI). We compared overall and single item scores in
order to find differences between the three groups. BDI-II scores were significantly different between groups. Depression
scores were higher for patients than for healthy controls, in both somatic and psychological sub-scales. Caregivers presented
higher levels of psychological depression in comparison with healthy controls, and lower scores of somatic depression in comparison
to patients. No differences were found in trait anxiety levels comparing the three groups. ALS patients and their caregivers
developed more depression related symptomatology than the non-clinical sample. However, susceptibility to anxiety for both
patients and caregivers seemed to be at a normal level. 相似文献
40.
The purpose of this research was to examine a mediational model of attachment, religiousness and spirituality in predicting well-being in people of Christian faith. One hundred and eighty-five participants were recruited from Baptist churches and 19 from a Baptist-based university. Whereas no support was found for a mediational model of attachment, religiousness and spirituality in predicting well-being, support was found for a path model whereby greater levels of insecure attachment to God were associated with lower levels of religious spirituality (RS). In turn, lower levels of RS were associated with greater levels of emotional distress (ED). Therefore, for this sample of Baptists, having a secure attachment to God was related to an increase in religious behaviours, fulfilment with one's prayer life and belief in a purpose for life. It seems that increases in these religious and spiritual variables are related to less ED. This suggests that heightened connection with God, both through religious behaviours and heightened spirituality, is a beneficial pursuit for people of Christian faith. 相似文献