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111.
Jorge Lazareff 《Psychological Perspectives》2015,58(3):321-336
The political or cultural circumstances of the individual are an integral part of the self. Every circumstance in life is an attempt at a conversation between the politics of society and the politics of the individual immersed in the society. This conversation is lost to the protagonists most of the time. We need events strong enough to force us into reflection. In this personal article, I review my response to the surgical separation in 2002 of Maria Teresa and Maria de Jesús Quiej Alvarez, craniopagus sisters born in Guatemala. The article sketches the history of the relations between the United States and Guatemala, mentions the health care disparity, and describes the circumstances that determine who can come to this country for treatment. The painting Glorious Victory by Diego Rivera and three personal photographs are the scaffolding upon which the reflections are built. A line from the poem “South,” by Lucien Stryk, is the title of this article, implying that there is always going to be another opportunity for opening the dialogue between the self and circumstances. 相似文献
112.
Executive functions are (EF) top-down control processes involved in regulating thoughts, ignoring distractions, and inhibiting impulses. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-control and, therefore, that performance on behavioural task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this assumption, focusing on the core executive function facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, only one of the outcomes was associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and this association was in the unexpected direction. Furthermore, few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task's construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
113.
David Rose Edouard Machery Stephen Stich Mario Alai Adriano Angelucci Renatas Berni nas Emma E. Buchtel Amita Chatterjee Hyundeuk Cheon In‐Rae Cho Daniel Cohnitz Florian Cova Vilius Dranseika ngeles Eraa Lagos Laleh Ghadakpour Maurice Grinberg Ivar Hannikainen Takaaki Hashimoto Amir Horowitz Evgeniya Hristova Yasmina Jraissati Veselina Kadreva Kaori Karasawa Hackjin Kim Yeonjeong Kim Minwoo Lee Carlos Mauro Masaharu Mizumoto Sebastiano Moruzzi Christopher Y. Olivola Jorge Ornelas Barbara Osimani Carlos Romero Alejandro Rosas Lopez Massimo Sangoi Andrea Sereni Sarah Songhorian Paulo Sousa Noel Struchiner Vera Tripodi Naoki Usui Alejandro Vzquez del Mercado Giorgio Volpe Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian Xueyi Zhang Jing Zhu 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(1):224-247
114.
Hugo Mitre‐Hernandez Jorge Sanchez‐Rodriguez Ramon Zatarain‐Cabada Lucia Barron‐Estrada 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(2):312-321
Lying requires a long‐term memory search and is a cognitive load task. Telling a spontaneous lie is associated with a higher cognitive load compared with the truth, although when memories are planned before telling a lie, the cognitive load can be less compared with the truth; therefore, telling a spontaneous lie could be associated with a higher cognitive load compared with a planned lie. In this study, we examined cognitive load, as measured through oculometrics, to identify deceit in interviews. Twenty‐four subjects were questioned, and their answers classified as spontaneous lies, planned lies, and truths. Results show that saccades and fixations were associated with a higher cognitive load when telling spontaneous lies compared with telling truths. Blinks and pupillometry show that subjects require greater cognitive load when telling truths compared with planned lies. Finally, telling spontaneous lies required higher cognitive load compared with planned lies, as assessed by blinks. 相似文献
115.
Estimations that include numerical information are ubiquitous in our daily lives, for example, housing prices, calories, etc. In the present work, we investigate how the type of information used in an estimate, particularly its level of imprecision, influences evaluations of source trustworthiness after the target value of the estimate is revealed. Specifically, building upon prior work suggesting that (a) imprecise estimates are perceived to be less accurate than precise estimates and (b) performing below expectations results in negative source evaluations, we hypothesize that if the estimate is revealed to be incorrect, imprecise estimates (i.e., 400) elicit higher source trustworthiness than precise estimates (i.e., 417), even if the imprecise estimate is objectively more incorrect (i.e., target value: 570). In addition, we find that this effect also influences consumers’ loyalty toward the source of the estimate. Four studies and a single‐paper meta‐analysis offer triangulating evidence for this prediction and its underlying psychological mechanism. Overall, this work contributes to research on estimates, source evaluations, numerical information, and the influence of errors on consumer behavior. 相似文献
116.
Sara Vitoria Estruch Ángel Romero Martínez Nicolás Ruiz Robledillo Patricia Sariñana González Marisol Lila Murillo Luis Moya Albiol 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2017,26(6):664-675
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has often been linked to alcohol consumption. Alcohol abuse affects cognitive processing through its effects on the prefrontal cortex, generating influence in mental rigidity (MR). This study analyzes the influence of MR as a predisposing factor to violence. The sample consisted of 136 men with a history of IPV. Participants with high MR had lower empathy and perception of the severity of IPV, and higher alcohol consumption and hostile sexism than participants with lower MR. These results should be considered in the development of prevention and intervention programs with the goal of increasing their effectiveness. 相似文献
117.
Ângela Leite Maria Alzira P. Dinis Jorge Sequeiros Constança Paúl 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(2):244-249
This study addresses the relation between illness representations, knowledge and motivation to perform the presymptomatic testing (PST) of subjects at-risk for Familial Amyloydotic Polyneuropathy (FAP), Huntington’s disease (HD) and Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), compared with subjects at-risk for Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH). The sample comprised a clinical group of 213 subjects at genetic risk for FAP, HD and MJD, and a comparison group of 31 subjects at genetic risk for HH, that answered three open-ended questions relating illness representations, knowledge about the disease, and motivation to perform PST. People at-risk for FAP, HD and MJD use more metaphors, make more references to the family, are more concerned with the future and feel more out of curiosity and to learn, than for HH. These subjects at-risk correspond to the profile of somatic individual or personhood, wherein the unsubjectivation of the disease can function as a coping mechanism. 相似文献
118.
Dagnino Jorge 《Religion Compass》2017,11(9-10)
The following article analyses the relationship between Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI) and the modern world during his years at the Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana (FUCI). Contrary to what has been suggested by scholars of the subject, it is argued in the following pages that the line followed by Montini and the FUCI during the 1925–33 period was one characterised to a large extent by a spirit of condemnation of the modern world and modernity more generally, a spirit fuelled by an intransigent spirit of restoration of a Catholic Europe, and animated by a vision of and ideological and totalising Catholicism. 相似文献
119.
Jorge R. Reyes Timothy R. Vollmer Astrid Hall 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2017,50(1):27-37
We compared outcomes of arousal and preference assessments for five adult male alleged sexual offenders with intellectual disabilities. Arousal assessments involved the use of the penile plethysmograph to measure changes in penile circumference to both deviant (males and females under the age of 18) and nondeviant (males and females over the age of 18) video clips. Paired‐stimulus preference assessments were arranged to present still images from the video clips used in the arousal assessments. Results showed correspondence between the assessments for four out of the five participants. Implications are discussed for the use of preference assessment methodology as a less intrusive assessment approach for sexual offender assessments. 相似文献
120.
A. Susan M. Niessen Rob R. Meijer Jorge N. Tendeiro 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2017,25(1):72-84
Applicant perceptions of methods used in admission procedures to higher education were investigated using organizational justice theory. Applicants to a psychology study program completed a questionnaire about several admission methods. General favorability, ratings on justice dimensions, relationships between general favorability and these dimensions, and differences in perceptions based on gender and on the aim of the admission procedure (selection or matching) were studied. In addition, the relationship between favorability and test performance, and the relationship between favorability and behavioral outcomes were investigated. Applicants rated interviews and trial‐studying tests most favorably. Contrary to expectations based on the existing literature, high school grades were perceived least favorably and there was no relationship between applicant perceptions and enrollment decisions. In line with previous research in the employment literature, general favorability was most strongly related to face validity, study‐relatedness, applicant differentiation, the chance to show skills, perceived scientific evidence, and perceived wide‐spread use. We found no differences in applicant perceptions based on gender and small differences based on the aim of admission procedures. These results extend the applicant perceptions literature to educational admission and the results are useful for administrators when choosing methods to admit students. 相似文献