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181.
182.
Tarabulsy GM Provost MA Larose S Moss E Lemelin JP Moran G Forbes L Pederson DR 《Infant behavior & development》2008,31(1):10-22
This study examined the similarities and differences in maternal and observer Attachment Behavior Q-Sort ratings (AQS; Waters, 1995) and their relations to dimensions of the developmental ecology - maternal sensitivity, infant irritability, parental stress and psychosocial risk. Data was gathered from low risk (adult mothers; N=44) and high risk mother-infant dyads (adolescent mothers; N=83) when infants were aged 6, 10 and 15 months old, attachment being assessed at 15 months by both mothers and independent observers. A common factor was extracted from both sorts and served to operationalize the similarities between mother and observer ratings. Regressions were conducted to extract maternal and observer AQS scores that were unrelated to each other to represent the difference between the two sorts. Correlation analyses indicated that the common AQS factor was moderately linked to maternal sensitivity and parental stress, and showed a weak association to psychosocial risk and infant irritability. Residual maternal scores showed greater correlations with infant irritability and parental stress than did observer residual scores. Observer scores showed a greater correlation with psychosocial risk than maternal scores. Results suggest that common AQS variance presents a pattern of associations with ecological variables that is coherent with attachment research. Variance related to irritability, stress and risk appear to drive the differences between maternal and observer observations. 相似文献
183.
Moss J Kotovsky K Cagan J 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2007,33(5):876-891
There have been a number of recent findings indicating that unsolved problems, or open goals more generally, influence cognition even when the current task has no relation to the task in which the goal was originally set. It was hypothesized that open goals would influence what information entered the problem-solving process. Three studies were conducted to establish the effect of open goals on the acquisition of problem-relevant information. It was found that problem-relevant information, or hints, presented implicitly in a 2nd task in between attempts at solving problems aided problem solving. This effect cannot be attributed to strategic behavior after participants caught on to the manipulation, as most participants were not aware of the relationship. The implications of this research are discussed, including potential contributions to our understanding of insight, incubation, transfer, and creativity. 相似文献
184.
Mark J. Martinko Sherry E. Moss Scott C. Douglas Nancy Borkowski 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2007,104(2):158-174
This article supported the hypothesis that leaders’ and members’ attribution styles have interactive effects on members’ perceptions of the quality of their leader–member relations. Across two samples, results revealed an interactive effect such that members’ perceptions of poor leader–member relations were most accentuated when they were biased toward external and unstable attributions (i.e. optimistic attributions) for their negative outcomes, while their leaders were biased toward attributing negative outcomes to the internal and stable characteristics of the members (i.e. pessimistic attribution styles). In Study 2, results indicated that the members’ perceptions of distributive and procedural justice mediated the interactive effects of leader pessimism and member optimism on relationship quality. 相似文献
185.
Arden U. Gale Rochelle C. Moss Kristin K. Higgins 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2007,85(2):204-210
The authors review previous examinations of the American Counseling Association's (ACA) Journal of Counseling & Development (JCD), consider various editors' policies that shaped the Journal, and update L. W. Harmon and H. E. Harker's (1989) analysis of special interest topics featured in JCD. Studying the flagship professional journal of ACA provides insight into the evolution and development of the profession of counseling. 相似文献
186.
The objective of this review was to systematically identify and evaluate all known studies testing empirically the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programmes for adults with visible differences. Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. None of the papers demonstrated adequately the clinical effectiveness of the interventions. The review concluded that further research was needed to demonstrate adequately the effectiveness of existing interventions, and a greater number of Randomised Controlled Trials and experimental studies were required to increase the methodological validity of intervention studies. 相似文献
187.
Perceptions of married parents were examined as a function of their gender and their employment status following their child's birth. Women employed in hourly staff positions at a university (92% White, 8% African American, Asian American, or Hispanic American) evaluated a briefly described married employed parent on thirty-one 7-point bipolar scales that described nurturance behaviors, job performance characteristics, role overload variables, and personal adjustment characteristics. Each participant rated one of four parents portrayed as either a mother or a father who, following their child's birth, either continued to work full-time or reduced her/his work hours. Full-time employees were perceived as experiencing more stress and as being less family-oriented than reduced-hour employees. Mothers were viewed as better adjusted but as experiencing more stress than fathers. 相似文献
188.
Daniel Frings Ian P. Albery Kimberly Rolph Anna Leczfalvy Stefan Smaczny Antony C. Moss 《Journal of applied social psychology》2017,47(3):148-157
An experiment tested the effects of dyad membership and the prospect of completing a motor‐skills task on alcohol placebo consumption and task confidence. Participants (n = 115) completed a taste preference task while alone or in dyads. Half the individuals and half the dyads expected to subsequently complete a motor‐skills task and rated task confidence pre and post‐consumption. Individuals expecting the task consumed less than those in the non‐task condition and felt less confident in their abilities post‐consumption. Among those expecting the task, dyad members' consumption did not reduce and their post‐consumption confidence was higher than individuals'. Findings suggest dyad membership can lead to overconfidence. Attempts to reduce alcohol related harms must balance the protective properties of dyads with risks of overconfidence. 相似文献
189.
This study describes the implementation and effects of a 32-week teacher-led spatial reasoning intervention in K–2 classrooms. The intervention targeted spatial visualization skills as an integrated feature of regular mathematics instruction. Compared to an active control group, children in the spatial intervention demonstrated gains in spatial language, visual-spatial reasoning, 2D mental rotation, and symbolic number comparison. Overall, the findings highlight the potential significance of attending to and developing young children's spatial thinking as part of early mathematics instruction. 相似文献
190.
This experiment utilized a masked priming paradigm to explore the early processes involved in face recognition. The first experiment investigated implicit processing of the eyes and mouth in an upright face, using prime durations of 33 and 50 ms. The results demonstrate implicit processing of both the eyes and mouth, and support the configural processing theory of face processing. The second experiment used the same method with inverted faces and the third experiment was a combination of Experiments 1 and 2. The fourth experiment utilized misaligned faces as the primes. Based on the pattern of results from these experiments, we suggest that, when a face is inverted, the eyes and mouth are initially processed individually and are not linked until a later stage of processing. An upright face is proposed to be processed by analysis of its configuration, whereas an inverted face is initially processed using first-order relational information, and then converted to an upright representation and transferred to face specific regions for configural analysis. 相似文献