Type A behavior and marital dissatisfaction: disentangling the effects of achievement striving and impatience-irritability

Previous research has documented an association between overall Type A behavior and marital dissatisfaction. The present study examines the nature of this relationship when a two dimensional approach to Type A behavior is adopted, and impatience-irritability and achievement striving are assessed separately. Subjects were 134 medical practitioners and specialists and their wives in South Africa. As predicted, husbands' impatience-irritability was associated with their own and their wives' marital dissatisfaction. However, neither their achievement striving nor global Type A behavior correlated with their own or their wives' marital dissatisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of the need for isolating the specific component of Type A behavior that is associated with marital dissatisfaction.     

“On the margins”: A dialogue with Andrew Greeley

This dialogue is between two priests who share common interests from different perspectives. One is an Episcopalian and a psychoanalytic psychotherapist. The other is a Roman Catholic and a sociologist widely known for his controversial novels and political commentaries. Their conversation primarily focuses on the latter's ministry—especially his investigations into paranormal experiences and his use of fiction as a homiletical avenue. They also discuss: Christian atheism; the Resurrection as a metaphor; Real Presence and liturgical sensibility; contemporary ecumenical trends; celibacy and tenures of active ministry; sexual equality and population control; religious addiction; and examples of the mythic impact of cinema.Diplomate of the American Association of Pastoral Counselors and the Book Review Editor of thisJournal. The interview is part of a series that will be published in a volume entitledDialogues in Depth Psychology and Religion.     

Growth counseling: A dialogue with Howard Clinebell

This interview describes an emerging tenor in pastoral psychology, growth counseling. Philosophically cultivated by the Human Potentials Movement, this school of counseling has genetic components in biblical theology, as well as intrapsychic and interpersonal psychotherapy. Church-related issues are also linked, especially crisis intervention models for the laity and the pastoral counselor's unique vantage for ministry. In addition to these characteristics, the dialogue underscores two other concerns many health care professionals share: (1) a deemphasis of psychopathology via a renewed emphasis of the human growth drive; and (2) the therapeutic complementarity of affirmation vis-à-vis empathic confrontation.He is also Research Chairman of the American Association of Pastoral Counselors' Southeast Region, as well as Book Review Editor for thisJournal.     

The effects of load variability in short-term memory task

Six groups of Ss viewed briefly exposed arrays of letters, half designated high-valued and half low-valued. Immediately after each exposure Ss wrote down as many of the stimuli as they could remember. For three groups, the number of letters in each exposure was constant from trial to trial; for the remaining three groups, the number of letters in each exposure varied from trial to trial. This tested the hypothesis that load variability influences the development of an efficient response strategy which, in turn, affects the processing of information stored in short-term memory. The data supported this hypothesis. Performance was superior under the constant load condition due to the ability of these Ss to correctly report both high- and low-valued letters. Poor performance was observed under the variable load condition because of a decrease in the number of low valued letters correctly reported.     

On the validity of graphoanalysis: a rejoinder to Crumbaugh's Reply

Crumbaugh (1977) reexamines an earlier study showing no validity for graphoanalysis (Vestewig, Santee, & Moss, 1976), and from considerations of the methodology and from reanalysis of the data findings some validity for the system. This rejoinder points out conceptual and statistical errors in his reply, and reaffirms the conclusion of the earlier study.     

Environmental Influences on Aggression: The Effects of Darkness and Proximity of Victim

It was hypothesized that darkness acts as a disinhibitor, and that subjects would deliver higher intensity shocks to a victim in a dimly lit setting than in a brightly lit setting. It was also predicted that this effect would be greater when subject and victim were in close proximity than when they were isolated from each other. The results supported these predictions. It was suggested that lighting may have important effects on social behaviors, and that further research on the influences of lighting on human behavior is needed.     

Selecting University Lecturers: What is and Should be Done

This paper presents a survey designed to identify the procedures used by British university departments when selecting academic staff and compare them with typical practice in other UK organizations. The results indicate that, compared with other large organizations, university departments make much less use of psychometric tests or assessment centres, relying heavily on the application form, a single interview and a presentation. There were no differences between academic departments of English, Biology or Psychology and the level of academic appointment only affected the composition of the interview panel. Possible reasons for the failure to use modern objective methods of selection are considered. It is argued that universities should apply more objective selection methods based on a full analysis of the competencies required of the higher education lecturer.