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231.
232.
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the psychological support needs of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and their caregivers. The appropriate timing, length, format and content of sessions were also investigated.Design: Eighty-three patients with HNC and 73 of their caregivers completed questionnaires at diagnosis. Follow-up questionnaires were mailed to patients six months later.Main outcome measures: Free text-comments to open-ended questions in the questionnaires were analysed using an inductive thematic approach with coding and theme development directed by the content of responses. This was used to determine psychological support needs both at diagnosis and at six month follow-up.Results: Patients described ‘just being there’, empathy, maintaining normality and practical support as helpful from family/friends. They desired information, honesty, positivity and empathy from clinical staff. Formal psychological support was desired by approximately 40% of patients and caregivers, particularly early after diagnosis and during treatment. Most participants desired face to face sessions, providing individualised information and coping strategies.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that psychological interventions for patients with HNC and their caregivers should be delivered early after diagnosis in face to face sessions, presenting honest and factual information about the disease and coping strategies. 相似文献
233.
A great deal of research in legal decision making has overlooked the influence of affect on the decision‐making process. The present study measured the fluctuation of emotions across five time points of a capital trial and tested the overall relationship between changes in emotion and sentencing decisions. The results showed that across all participants, anger initially increased and then decreased during the course of a capital punishment trial. Most importantly, the more individual mock jurors' anger increased during any stage of the trial, the more likely they were to assign a death sentence. Furthermore, when jurors' anger increased, they rated mitigating factors presented by the defense as weaker and the weaker mitigation mediated the relationship between change in anger and sentencing. The paper ends with a discussion of theoretical explanations and policy implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
234.
This study investigated the effect of a fear-based personality trait, as conceptualized in Gray’s revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) by the strength of the Fight/Flight/Freeze system (FFFS), on young people’s driving simulator performance under induced psychosocial stress. Seventy-one young drivers completed the Jackson-5 questionnaire of RST traits, followed by a psychosocial stress or relaxation induction procedure (random allocation to groups) and then a city driving simulator task. Some support was found for the hypothesis that higher FFFS sensitivity would result in poorer driving performance under stress, in terms of significantly poorer hazard responses, possibly due to an increased attentional focus on the aversive cues inherent in the stress induction leaving reduced attentional capacity for the driving task. These results suggest that stress may lead to riskier driving behaviour in individuals with fearful RST personality styles. 相似文献
235.
Patricia Wiener 《Journal of Adult Development》2011,18(2):66-69
Stress, defined as a stimulus, a response, and an interaction between the person and the environment is eventually present in everyday life. Nevertheless, stress can be both dangerous and uncomfortable. Stress influences the corticotropin??releasing factor and the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine systems, which in turn impact the hypothalamic?Cpituitary?Cadrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. At the same time, stress directly affects the immune system. Treatment by means of an alternative approach such as neurotherapy can enhance the immune system and thereby improve the patient??s overall wellbeing. 相似文献
236.
Jennifer M. Morton 《European Journal of Philosophy》2011,19(4):561-584
Abstract: Practical deliberation is deliberation concerning what to do governed by norms on intention (e.g. means‐end coherence and consistency), which are taken to be a mark of rational deliberation. According to the theory of practical deliberation I develop in this paper we should think of the norms of rational practical deliberation ecologically: that is, the norms that constitute rational practical deliberation depend on the complex interaction between the psychological capacities of the agent in question and the agent's environment. I argue that this view does a better job of justifying particular norms for practical deliberation than intrinsic or constitutivist theories. Finally, I argue against the Myth Theory of deliberation, which takes there to be no such norms on deliberation. 相似文献
237.
Beauchamp MR Rhodes RE Hua S Morton KL Kreutzer C Liang JA Khou KY Dominelli PB Daoud DM Sherman MF Dunlop WL Sheel AW 《Psychology, health & medicine》2011,16(4):405-417
It has been suggested that the well-known health benefits associated with exercise can be explained by a placebo effect, and that greater effort should be given to convince people that their current behaviors have desirable health consequences. The overall purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of this "mind-set matters" hypothesis through the use of an expectancy-based intervention with adolescents. The study involved a four week randomized controlled trial with 348 Grade 9 adolescents (M (age)?=?14.07 yrs, SD?=?0.30), from four high schools, taking part in either a placebo-intervention condition (n?=?188) or a control condition (n?=?160). Participants in the placebo-intervention condition were informed that what they are already doing in school physical education lessons fulfills current recommendations for an active lifestyle. Participants in the control condition were not given this information. Four weeks after the intervention, adolescents in the placebo-intervention condition did not demonstrate significant changes in physiological health-related measures (diet, weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, heart rate, mean arterial pressure). The findings question the external validity of the "mind-set matters" hypothesis with adolescents, and suggest that simply encouraging adolescents to believe that they are healthy may not enable them to respond with improved indicators of physical health. 相似文献
238.
William G. Sharp David L. Jaquess Jane F. Morton Caitlin V. Herzinger 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(4):348-365
A systematic review of the literature regarding treatment of pediatric feeding disorders was conducted. Articles in peer-reviewed
scientific journals (1970–2010) evaluating treatment of severe food refusal or selectivity were identified. Studies demonstrating
strict experimental control were selected and analyzed. Forty-eight single-case research studies reporting outcomes for 96
participants were included in the review. Most children presented with complex medical and developmental concerns and were
treated at multidisciplinary feeding disorders programs. All studies involved behavioral intervention; no well-controlled
studies evaluating feeding interventions by other theoretical perspectives or clinical disciplines met inclusion criteria.
Results indicated that behavioral intervention was associated with significant improvements in feeding behavior. Clinical
and research implications are discussed, including movement toward the identification of key behavioral antecedents and consequences
that promote appropriate mealtime performance, as well as the need to better document outcomes beyond behavioral improvements,
such as changes in anthropometric parameters, generalization of treatment gains to caregivers, and improvements in nutritional
status. 相似文献
239.
Written emotional disclosure buffers the effects of social constraints on distress among cancer patients. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Sandra G Zakowski Alona Ramati Carla Morton Peter Johnson Robert Flanigan 《Health psychology》2004,23(6):555-563
The aims of the present study were to examine whether written emotional disclosure would reduce distress among cancer patients and whether it would buffer the effects of high levels of social constraint (negative social responses to patients' expressions of emotion regarding their cancer) on distress. Cancer patients (N=104) were randomly assigned to write about their emotions regarding their cancer 20 min a day for 3 days or to write about a nonemotional topic. They completed questionnaires at baseline and 6 months postintervention. Results showed that written disclosure buffered the effects of social constraints on stress at the 6-month follow-up and that avoidance partly mediated these effects. The present data reinforce the notion that interventions should be tailored to patients' needs. 相似文献
240.
Why Do People Engage in Collective Action? Revisiting the Role of Perceived Effectiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Matthew J. Hornsey Leda Blackwood Winnifred Louis Kelly Fielding Ken Mavor Thomas Morton Anne O'Brien Karl-Erik Paasonen Joanne Smith Katherine M. White 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(7):1701-1722
Research has shown limited support for the notion that perceived effectiveness of collective action is a predictor of intentions to engage in collective action. One reason may be that effectiveness has been in terms of whether the action will influence key decision makers. We argue that the effectiveness of collective action might be judged by other criteria, such as whether it influences third parties, builds an oppositional movement, and expresses values. Two hundred and thirty one attendees at a rally rated the effectiveness of the rally and their intentions to engage in future collective action. For those participants who were not members of an organization, intentions were linked to the perceived effectiveness of the rally in expressing values and influencing the public. For those who were members of an organization, intentions were linked only to the effectiveness of the rally in building an oppositional movement. 相似文献