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141.
In 2 studies with older adults, the authors investigated the effect of executive attention resources on the retrieval of emotional public events. Participants completed a battery of working memory tasks, as a measure of executive attention, and a battery of tasks assessing memory, as well as subjective experiences associated with the retrieval of remote public events. Participants also rated the valence of each public event story. The group-rated valence of the public event stories predicted retrieval and the quality of experiences associated with them, such that emotionally arousing events elicited the highest memory rates and the richest experiences. Furthermore, positive public events elicited the highest memory rates. Executive attention moderated only the relationship between event valence and how participants' associated memories are experienced at retrieval, such that superior executive attention resources predicted richer experiences associated with positive relative to neutral and negative stories. The current results extend previous findings on the effects of aging on emotion regulation, suggesting that cognitive control resources modulate subjective experiences associated with retrieved memories for remote real life events, but not memory retrieval itself. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
142.
In 2 experiments, the authors investigated whether impaired strategic retrieval processes contribute to the age-related deficit in associative memory. To do so, they compared older and younger adults on measures of associative memory that place high demands on retrieval processes (associative identification and recall-to-reject) to measures that place low demands on such processes (associative reinstatement and recall-to-accept). Results showed that older adults were severely impaired on associative identification and recall-to-reject measures; relatively intact on recall-to-accept measures, unless recollection was prominent; and intact on associative reinstatement measures. Together, these findings suggest that impairment in strategic retrieval accounts for older adults' deficits in memory for associative information and that this deficit, above and beyond poor binding of items, leads to and amplifies an impairment in overall recollection. 相似文献
143.
Jeremy Morris 《Argumentation》2008,22(2):205-216
Self-defeating and self-justifying expressions are reflexive insofar as they pertain to themselves. However, the reflexivity
involved is often pragmatic, i.e., does not entirely depend upon the logical properties of what is expressed but also upon
the expressive act. In this paper I present a general account of pragmatic reflexivity and apply it to some familiar self-defeating
and self-justifying expressions in epistemology. This application indicates some important, if often neglected features of
the epistemological issues involved. The account I defend suggests that epistemology is particularly sensitive to pragmatic
reflexivity since what epistemologists do, i.e., inquire, theorize, and defend theories, is also the subject of the inquiry
and resultant theories.
相似文献
Jeremy MorrisEmail: |
144.
The role of autonomic arousal in feelings of familiarity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Subjective feelings of familiarity associated with a stimulus tend to be strongest when specific information about the previous encounter with the stimulus is difficult to retrieve (e.g., the butcher-on-the-bus phenomenon; [Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review, 87, 252-271.]). When a stimulus has been encountered previously and the circumstances of the encounter cannot be recollected, additional cognitive resources may be directed toward recollection processes; this resource allocation is accompanied by autonomic arousal [Dawson, M. E., Filion, D. L., & Schell, A. M. (1989). Is elicitation of the autonomic orienting response associated with allocation of processing resources?. Psychophysiology, 26, 560-572]. One easily measurable index of autonomic arousal is the skin conductance response (SCR). In the present study, participants studied lists of words and then gave recognition ratings to briefly displayed and masked studied and nonstudied test words while their SCRs were monitored. Results revealed a relationship between recognition ratings and the temporal characteristics of the SCR, supporting the idea that feelings of familiarity are indeed "feelings" in that they stem from autonomic arousal associated with cognitive resource allocation. 相似文献
145.
The goal of this study was to examine how individual variation in readers’ skills and, in particular, their background knowledge
about a text are related to text memory. Recollection and familiarity estimates were obtained from remember and know judgments
to text ideas. Recollection estimates to old items were predicted by readers’ background knowledge, but not by other comprehension-related
factors, such as word-decoding skill and working memory capacity. False alarms involving recollection of new items (inferences)
were diminished as a function of verbal ability, working memory capacity, and reasoning but increased as a function of background
knowledge. The results suggest that recollection indexes the reader’s ability to construct a text representation in which
text ideas are integrated with relevant domain knowledge. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of background knowledge
in explaining individual variation in comprehension and memory for text. 相似文献
146.
Morris Moscovitch 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2008,62(1):62-79
The hippocampus and surrounding regions of the medial temporal lobe play a central role in all neuropsychological theories of memory. It is still a matter of debate, however, how best to characterise the functions of these regions, the hippocampus in particular. In this article, I examine the proposal that the hippocampus is a "stupid" module whose specific domain is consciously apprehended information. A number of interesting consequences for the organisation of memory and the brain follow from this proposal and the assumptions it entails. These, in turn, have important implications for neuropsychological theories of recent and remote episodic, semantic, and spatial memory and for the functions that episodic memory may serve in perception, comprehension, planning, imagination, and problem solving. I consider these implications by selectively reviewing the literature and primarily drawing on research my collaborators and I have conducted. 相似文献
147.
We describe the Age-Dependent Evaluations of German Adjectives (AGE). This database contains ratings for 200 German adjectives by young and older adults (general word-rating study) and graduate students (self-other relevance study). Words were rated on emotion-relevant (valence, arousal, and control) and memory-relevant (imagery) characteristics. In addition, adjectives were evaluated for self-relevance (Does this attribute describe you?), age relevance (Is this attribute typical for young or for older adults?), and self-other relevance (Is this attribute more relevant for the possessor or for other persons?). These ratings are included in the AGE database as a resource tool for experiments on word material. Our comparisons of young and older adults’ evaluations revealed similarities but also significant mean-level differences for a large number of adjectives, especially on the valence dimension. This highlights the importance of age in the perception of emotional words. Data for all the words are archived at www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
148.
Stephen G. Weinrach Albert Ellis Raymond DiGiuseppe Michael E. Bernard Windy Dryden Howard Kassinove G. Barry Morris Ann Vernon Janet Wolfe 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2006,24(4):199-215
The 9 members of the Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy’s International Training Standards and Review Committee (of which
Albert Ellis is currently one) predict the status of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) after the death of Albert Ellis,
its progenitor. Most respondents addressed whether REBT will exist in its own right or be subsumed under the broad umbrella
of Cognitive Behavior Therapy.
Reprinted from Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 17, 413–427, 1995. AMHCA. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction authorized without written permission from the
American Mental Health Counselors Association.
Stephen G. Weinrach was a professor of counseling and human relations at Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania. He
died in 2004.
The authors expressed their appreciation to Martin Gerstein and Allen Ivey for their generous contributions to a draft version
of this article. Colleen Deeter provided valuable editorial assistance in the preparation and coordination of this project. 相似文献
149.
The Unrecognized Stereotyping and Discrimination Against Singles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT— A widespread form of bias has slipped under our cultural and academic radar. People who are single are targets of singlism : negative stereotypes and discrimination. Compared to married or coupled people, who are often described in very positive terms, singles are assumed to be immature, maladjusted, and self-centered. Although the perceived differences between people who have and have not married are large, the actual differences are not. Moreover, there is currently scant recognition that singlism exists, and when singlism is acknowledged, it is often accepted as legitimate. 相似文献
150.
Jeremy Morris 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(3):333-335
Book reviewed:
Understanding the Windsor Report. Two Leaders in the American Church Speak Across the Divide , Ian T. Douglas and Paul F.M. Zahl, Church Publishing 2005 (0-89869-487-6), viii + 184 pp., pb $20.00 相似文献
Understanding the Windsor Report. Two Leaders in the American Church Speak Across the Divide , Ian T. Douglas and Paul F.M. Zahl, Church Publishing 2005 (0-89869-487-6), viii + 184 pp., pb $20.00 相似文献