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This study examines the role of individual difference variables in opportunistic claiming after service failure. Drawing on research in the conflict literature, social value orientation (SVO) and conflict style are investigated as possible influences. The results suggest that both SVO and conflict style impact the amount claimed and opportunistic behavior. This research provides additional insight into why claiming behavior varies even when consumers have the same experience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
173.
Research findings suggest that switching between competing response sets can be resource demanding. The current study focused on concurrent health-relevant physiological effects of task switching by assessing cardiovascular response at varying levels of switch frequency. The participants performed a response-switching task at three different levels of response set switching frequency (low, medium and high) while measurements of blood pressure and heart rate were taken. One group was exposed to response-switching frequency conditions in the order low → medium → high, while the other group was exposed to the same task conditions in the reverse order (i.e. high → medium → low). The results showed that the participants in the low → medium → high switch frequency group recovered faster from initially heightened systolic blood pressure when compared with participants in the high → medium → low group. It is concluded that the results point to a physiological "carry over" effect associated with beginning a task at rapid response switching frequency levels, and suggest the importance of habituation to task demands as a means of offsetting potentially unhealthy levels of reactivity. Implications for modern work environments are discussed. 相似文献
174.
设计视野阻隔任务,控制了短时记忆和直接比较的两难问题,考察3~5岁幼儿长度传递性推理能力的发展趋势和传递性推理这一认知过程的发展序列。以2(间隔长度)×2(摆放方式)×4(年龄)的三因素混合设计,研究了240名幼儿,结果表明:(1)3~4岁是长度传递性推理能力的快速发展期,4岁以后的幼儿大部分具备了这一能力,发展速度趋于平缓;(2)任务类型影响推理成绩;(3)基于传递关系的推理依据与推理总成绩显著正相关。研究认为:年仅4岁幼儿具备传递性推理能力蕴含教育价值;传递性推理的认知过程经历了四个可辨别的发展序列,依次主要发生在36~42个月、43~48个月、49~54个月和55~60个月的幼儿当中。 相似文献
175.
Using longitudinal data from a Chinese newcomer sample (N = 671), we investigated the predictive effects of adaptability on newcomers’ work‐related outcomes. Specifically, we tested 4 perceived P–E fit variables (i.e., P–O fit, needs–supplies fit, demands–abilities fit, and P–G fit) as mediators between adaptability variables and newcomers’ work‐related outcomes. Our results showed that after controlling for demographic effects and other personality variables (i.e., proactive personality and openness to experience), newcomers’ adaptability dimensions (i.e., cultural adaptability, work stress adaptability, interpersonal adaptability, and learning adaptability) were differentially associated with improvement in newcomers’ P–E fit perceptions over a 3‐month time period. In turn, the perceived P–E fit variables were related to the newcomers’ work‐related outcomes (i.e., job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions), after controlling for the socialization process variables (i.e., institutionalized socialization experience, role clarity, and job‐related self‐efficacy). The mediating roles of perceived P–E fit variables were also confirmed. Both theoretical and practical implications in terms of adaptability, newcomer adaptation processes, and P‐E fit are discussed. 相似文献
176.
Gibbons FX O'Hara RE Stock ML Gerrard M Weng CY Wills TA 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2012,102(5):1089-1104
Perceived racial discrimination, self-control, anger, and either substance use or use cognitions were assessed in 2 studies conducted with samples of African American adolescents. The primary goal was to examine the relation between discrimination and self-control over time; a 2nd goal was to determine whether that relation mediates the link between discrimination and substance use found in previous research. Study 1, which included a latent growth curve analysis with 3 waves of data, indicated that experience with discrimination (from age 10 years to age 18 years) was associated with reduced self-control, which then predicted increased substance use. Additional analyses indicated anger was also a mediator of this discrimination to use relation. Study 2, which was experimental, showed that envisioning an experience involving discrimination was associated with an increase in substance-related responses to double entendre words (e.g., pot, roach) in a word association task, especially for participants who were low in dispositional self-control. The effect was again mediated by reports of anger. Thus, the "double mediation" pattern was discrimination → more anger and reduced self-control → increased substance use and/or substance cognitions. Results are discussed in terms of the long-term impact of discrimination on self-control and health behavior. Implications for interventions aimed at ameliorating the negative effects of discrimination and low self-control on health are also discussed. 相似文献
177.
Gerrard M Stock ML Roberts ME Gibbons FX O'Hara RE Weng CY Wills TA 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2012,26(3):550-560
Three studies tested the hypothesis that the relation between perceived racial discrimination and substance use reported in previous research is moderated by use of substances as a coping mechanism. Studies 1 and 2 were experimental studies of African American adolescents' and young adults' reactions to a discrimination experience. Results revealed that those who endorsed substance use-as-coping reported more willingness to use substances after experiencing discrimination. Study 3 was a prospective study of the relation between perceived discrimination and substance use over an 8-year period in African American adolescents. Results demonstrated that discrimination is associated with increases in substance use, but only among adolescents who endorse substance use-as-coping. Together, these three studies provide evidence that experiencing discrimination has both short- and long-term detrimental effects on African Americans' substance use, but significantly more so for those who adopt a pattern of using substances as a coping mechanism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
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Steven Gerrard 《亚里斯多德学会增刊》1999,73(1):135-150
Hilary Putnam introduced a puzzle about a citizen of the 17th century who speculates that some mysterious bones are over a million years old. I compare this situation, where the speculation is ahead of the method of carbon dating, with speculating about (1) a mathematical theorem before there is a proof, and (2) a riddle before there is an answer. All these cases are helpfully illuminated by Meno's paradox and, especially, Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics. I draw some conclusions about Wittgenstein's methodology both in his philosophy of mathematics and his more general philosophy, focusing on the roles of local perspicuity and changing our way of looking at things. 相似文献
180.