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141.
In the current study, we examined the planning abilities of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by training them on a five-item list composed of coloured photographs and then testing them on switch and mask trials. In
contrast to previous studies where monkeys made responses using a joystick, in the current study, monkeys made responses directly
to a touch screen. On switch trials, after a response to the first list item, the on-screen positions of two list items were
exchanged. Performance on trials in which the second and third list items were exchanged was poorer compared to normal (non-switch)
trials for all subjects. When the third and fourth items were exchanged, however, only one subject continued to show performance
deficits. On mask trials, following a response to the first item, the remaining items were covered by opaque white squares.
When two items were masked, all four subjects responded to each masked item at a level significantly above chance. When three
items were masked, however, only one subjected was able to respond to all three masked items at a level significantly above
chance. The results of the present study indicate that three of our four monkeys planned one response ahead while a single
monkey planned two responses ahead. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to previous studies on planning
in chimpanzees and monkeys. 相似文献
142.
Morgan WG 《Journal of personality assessment》2000,74(1):88-94
The origin and history of Picture C is reviewed, and the role that David Ricks played in preserving many original TAT materials is presented. I suggest that a process similar to that employed with Picture C may have been used in the development of the other "old standbys." The unusual directions for the use of Picture C may possibly suggest awareness by C. D. Morgan and Murray of Schwartz's earlier work with the picture-story technique. 相似文献
143.
Different lines of evidence suggest that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is complicated by a variety of adverse effects on neuroendocrine systems. Soon after the discovery of HIV-1, reports began to appear suggesting that a number of neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine activities were negatively impacted by this infection. In 1987 it was observed that fine-needle aspiration of the lung in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome resulted in syncopal reactions. Subsequently, an abnormality in the autonomic nervous system was reported in these patients. However, investigations in this area have remained limited due to the assumption that HIV-1-mediated activation of various endocrine systems was related to the major life stressor of living with a fatal disease. Evidence accumulated over the years has indicated, instead, that there are various other mechanisms in addition to life stressors that also play an important role in negatively impacting the neuroendocrine systems in this infection. This article examines various developments that have taken place in this area in order to provide avenues for future research. 相似文献
144.
During a campus walk, participants were given familiar or bizarre action statements (e.g., “Check the Pepsi machine for change”
vs. “Propose marriage to the Pepsi machine”) with instructions either to perform the actions or imagine performing the actions
(Group 1) or to watch the experimenter perform the actions or imagine the experimenter performing the actions (Group 2). One
day later, some actions were repeated, along with new actions, on a second walk. Two weeks later, the participants took a
recognition test for actions presented during the first walk, and they specified whether a recognized action was imagined
or performed. Imagining themselves or the experimenter performing familiar or bizarre actions just once led to false recollections
of performance for both types of actions. This study extends previous research on imagination inflation by demonstrating that
these false performance recollections can occur in a natural, real-life setting following just one imagining. 相似文献
145.
Explicit timing and interspersal interventions were investigated using a within-subjects design with 45 third-grade students.
A control assignment consisted of subtraction of a two digit number from a two digit number (i.e., target problem) and served
as a baseline. An explicit timing assignment consisted of similar problems as those for the control assignment. The interspersal
assignment consisted of similar problems as those for the control and explicit timing assignments with the addition of subtraction
of a one digit number from a one digit number interspersed following every third target problem. Total problem completion
rates, target problem completion rates, accuracy on target problems and students' rating regarding difficulty, time, effort,
and preference between assignments for class work were collected. Student preference choices were analyzed for fit with the
discrete task completion hypothesis. Three trials were administered. Results indicated that: (a) students completed more total
problems during interspersal, (b) target problem completion rates were higher during explicit timing, (c) accuracy rates remained
constant, (d) students rated the explicit timing assignment as requiring more time and being more difficult for all trials
and as requiring more effort for trial 2 and 3, (e) students selected the interspersal assignment to do in class as compared
to the explicit timing assignment for all trials, and (f) the data fit the discrete task completion hypothesis relatively
well for all trials. Discussion focuses on comparing academic interventions based on problem completion rates, student preference,
and acceptability data. 相似文献
146.
Elliott AJ Morgan K Fuqua RW Ehrhardt K Poling A 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2005,38(4):559-563
Self- and cross-citations in JABA and JEAB from 1993 through 2003 were examined. Yearly mean levels of self-citation for JABA and JEAB were 34.9% and 33.2%, respectively. Overall, 7.8% of JABA citations were JEAB articles, and 0.6% of JEAB citations were JABA articles. The former value, but not the latter, is substantially higher than the cross-citation level reported for earlier years. The two JEAB articles most often cited in JABA were published over 20 years ago and are concerned with establishing operations and the matching law. 相似文献
147.
A specialized Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) validity scale was constructed to detect individuals who are knowledgeable about either depression or MMPI-2 detection strategies and who subsequently attempt to malinger depressive symptoms on the MMPI-2. The Malingered Depression (Md) scale consists of 32 items that discriminated college students who feigned depression from those who were genuinely depressed. Further information about the incremental validity and the utility of the Md scale was obtained in a cross-validation study with additional college students who feigned depression and a sample of students with clinically significant depressive symptoms. The results indicate that the Md scale possesses promising value in detecting malingered symptoms of depression. 相似文献
148.
149.
Robert D. Morgan Carrie L. Winterowd Dale R. Fuqua 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1999,29(3):203-222
To assess the efficacy of an interpersonal process-oriented and cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy program, 36 incarcerated male adults were assigned to either a treatment group (n = 20) or a no treatment control group (n = 16). Outcome measures consisted of paper-pencil self-report instruments, institutional behavioral data, and structured interviews with the group therapists (n = 3). Results indicated no significant changes in inmates' level of defensiveness, empathy, or institutional behavior; however, the inmates reported universally positive reactions to the treatment program. The group therapists also perceived the treatment program as efficacious, particularly in fostering a cohesive group atmosphere and increasing inmate responsibility for group leadership. Implications for practice and research are discussed. 相似文献
150.