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221.
Lorenza Dallago Douglas D. Perkins Massimo Santinello Will Boyce Michal Molcho Antony Morgan 《American journal of community psychology》2009,44(1-2):148-160
In adolescence, children become increasingly independent and autonomous, and spend more time in neighborhood settings away from home. During mid-to-late adolescence, youth often become more critical about the place they live. Their attachment to home and even community may decrease as they explore and develop new attachments to other specific places. The aim of this study is to understand how 15-year-old students from 13 countries perceive their local neighborhood area (place attachment, social capital and safety), and how these different community cognitions are interrelated. We hypothesize that their place attachment predicts safety, and that the relationship is mediated in part by social capital. Result show that, despite cross-cultural differences in neighborhood perceptions, the proposed theoretical model fits robustly across all 13 countries. 相似文献
222.
Jong-Ho Nam Joshua A. Solomon Michael J. Morgan Charles E. Wright Charles Chubb 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(7):1469-1477
We investigated whether plaids activate preattentive mechanisms that are distinct from those activated by their component gratings. Observers searched for a target plaid, the sum of two perpendicular components in a circular window (radius = 0.65°). The target was present on half the trials. On all trials, half of the distractors had the same frequency and orientation as one component of the plaid, and the rest were the same as the other component. The target and the distractors were arrayed evenly on a circle (radius = 2.36°) around fixation. Target and distractor contrasts were randomly perturbed up to ±30%. The following results held for each of the 6 participants tested. (1) When F1 = 2 c/deg and F2 = 5.25 c/deg, response times (RTs) increased significantly when set size (number of distractors plus target, if present) was increased from four to eight. (2) When the spatial frequencies of both plaid components were the same (i.e., both 2 c/deg or both 5.25 c/deg), RTs increased very slightly, if at all, when set size was increased from four to eight. These results suggest the existence of a preattentive, plaid-sensitive mechanism with band-limited input that does not respond to individual grating components. 相似文献
223.
The linguistic input to language learning is usually thought to consist of simple strings of words. We argue that input must also include information about how words group into syntactic phrases. Natural languages regularly incorporate correlated cues to phrase structure, such as prosody, function words, and concord morphology. The claim that such cues are necessary for successful acquisition of syntax was tested in a series of miniature language learning experiments with adult subjects. In each experiment, when input included some cue marking the phrase structure of sentences, subjects were entirely successful in learning syntax; in contrast, when input lacked such a cue (but was otherwise identical), subjects failed to learn significant portions of syntax. Cues to phrase structure appear to facilitate learning by indicating to the learner those domains within which distributional analyses may be most efficiently pursued, thereby reducing the amount and complexity of required input data. More complex target systems place greater premiums on efficient analysis; hence, such cues may be even more crucial for acquisition of natural language syntax. We suggest that the finding that phrase structure cues are a necessary aspect of language input reflects the limited capacities of human language learners; languages may incorporate structural cues in part to circumvent such limitations and ensure successful acquisition. 相似文献
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Jeffrey Morgan 《The Journal of religious ethics》2017,45(3):539-561
Christian ethicists have neglected conscience, understood as an individual's moral self‐awareness before a locus of accountability and judgment, over the last few decades. The aim of this essay is to suggest how this neglect came about. I draw on the work of Paul Lehmann and Oliver O'Donovan to illustrate how ethicists in the twentieth century became suspicious of conscience because of its association with the alleged ahistorical individualism of Immanuel Kant's work. I argue that a social‐historicist conception of conscience, such as H. Richard Niebuhr offered, attempts to save conscience from this suspicion. Ironically, however, Stanley Hauerwas's development of Niebuhr's historicist, communitarian approach to conscience, appears to have led to a dismissal of conscience. I conclude with a brief comment about what this dismissal has cost contemporary Christian ethics, namely the Christian tradition's basic commitment to the singularity of an individual's accountability before God. 相似文献
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Oliver J. Morgan Ann Marie Toloczko Eliza Comly 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》1997,17(2):66-76
Results are reported from a survey of counselor education programs approved by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). The survey focused on counselor training in the addictions. 相似文献
230.
Cerebral lateralization of stutterers and nonstutterers was assessed in terms of choice reaction times to stimuli presented to either the left or right visual hemifield on letter recognition and figure recognition tasks. Reaction times on both tasks were determined before and after a behavioral speech therapy program. Stutterers demonstrated a significant reduction in mean reaction times in the letter recognition task over the course of the therapy program. This change differed significantly from that obtained from stutterers in the figure recognition task. The stutterers' responses were in contrast to the responses of the nonstutterers, who showed no reduction in mean reaction times for the letter or figure recognition tasks. The results were discussed in terms of alterations in aspects of central nervous system processing as a result of participation in the behavioral speech therapy. 相似文献