全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2766篇 |
免费 | 149篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 88篇 |
2019年 | 72篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 146篇 |
2016年 | 130篇 |
2015年 | 79篇 |
2014年 | 109篇 |
2013年 | 355篇 |
2012年 | 222篇 |
2011年 | 251篇 |
2010年 | 139篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 206篇 |
2007年 | 153篇 |
2006年 | 156篇 |
2005年 | 74篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2915条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
171.
172.
Value added is a common tool in educational research on effectiveness. It is often modeled as a (prediction of a) random effect in a specific hierarchical linear model. This paper shows that this modeling strategy is not valid when endogeneity is present. Endogeneity stems, for instance, from a correlation between the random effect in the hierarchical model and some of its covariates. This paper shows that this phenomenon is far from exceptional and can even be a generic problem when the covariates contain the prior score attainments, a typical situation in value added modeling. Starting from a general, model-free definition of value added, the paper derives an explicit expression of the value added in an endogeneous hierarchical linear Gaussian model. Inference on value added is proposed using an instrumental variable approach. The impact of endogeneity on the value added and the estimated value added is calculated accurately. This is also illustrated on a large data set of individual scores of about 200,000 students in Chile. 相似文献
173.
Guðlaug Helga Ásgeirsdóttir Einar Sigurbjörnsson Ewan Kelly Rannveig Traustadóttir Sigríður Gunnarsdóttir Valgerður Sigurðardóttir 《Studia Theologica》2014,68(2):147-168
A fundamental approach of theology as practiced within the palliative setting is care for the whole human being, with particular focus on spirituality and the spiritual dimension. Theology and medicine come together in palliative care in which the spiritual aspect is an important component together with the physical, psychological, and social. This article is based on a mixed methods study of spirituality among persons receiving palliative care. Findings revealed the importance of spirituality and its multidimensional elements by which spirituality was perceived as a complex phenomenon relating to religious and non-religious aspects of human life. Theological reflection based on the present findings indicates that a sharp distinction between the concepts of religion and spirituality is not beneficial. It also reveals the significance of the spiritual dimension and that theology has an important role in creating a deeper understanding of this complex part of human existence. Spiritual needs, expressed in various ways, were evident among the participants receiving palliative care. The findings confirm that the theological approach in palliative care, with its focus on the whole human being and emphasis on spirituality and the spiritual dimension, continues to be the hallmark of practicing theology within palliative care. 相似文献
174.
Juan Manuel Campos Benítez 《逻辑史和逻辑哲学》2014,35(4):354-368
The traditional Square of Opposition consists of four sentence types. Two are universal and two particular; two are affirmative and two negative. Examples, where ‘S’ and ‘P’ designate the subject and the predicate, are: ‘every S is P’, ‘no S is P’, ‘some S is P’ and ‘some S is not P’. Taking the usual sentences of the square of opposition, quantifying over their predicates exhibits non-standard sentence forms. These sentences may be combined into non-standard Squares of Opposition (an Octagon in this case), and they reveal a new relationship not found in the usual Square. Medieval logicians termed ‘disparatae’ pairs of sentences like ‘every S is some P’ and ‘some S is every P’, which are neither subaltern nor contrary, neither contradictory nor subcontrary. Walter Redmond has designed a special language L to express the logical form of these sentences in a precise way. I will use this language to show how Squares of Opposition, standard and non-standard, form a complex network of relations which bring to light the subtleties contained in this traditional doctrine. 相似文献
175.
Soledad Quero M. Ángeles Pérez-Ara Juana Bretón-López Azucena García-Palacios Rosa M. Baños Cristina Botella 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2014,42(2):123-137
Interoceptive exposure (IE) is a standard component of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for panic disorder and agoraphobia. The virtual reality (VR) program ‘Panic-Agoraphobia’ has several virtual scenarios designed for applying exposure to agoraphobic situations; it can also simulate physical sensations. This work examines patients' acceptability of the IE component as applied in two different ways: using VR versus traditional IE. Additionally, it explores the relationship between users' treatment expectations and satisfaction and clinically significant change. Results showed that VR and traditional IE were well accepted by all participants. Furthermore, treatment expectations predicted efficacy. 相似文献
176.
María González-Nosti Analía Barbón Javier Rodríguez-Ferreiro Fernando Cuetos 《Behavior research methods》2014,46(2):517-525
In order to explore the role of the main psycholinguistic variables on visual word recognition, several mega-studies have been conducted in English in recent years. Nevertheless, because the effects of these variables depend on the regularity of the orthographic system, studies must also be done in other languages with different characteristics. The goal of this work was to conduct a lexical decision study in Spanish, a language with a shallow orthography and a high number of words. The influence of psycholinguistic variables on latencies corresponding to 2,765 words was assessed by means of linear mixed-effects modeling. The results show that some variables, such as frequency or age of acquisition, have significant effects on reaction times regardless of the type of words used. Other variables, such as orthographic neighborhood or imageability, were significant only in specific groups of words. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account the peculiarities of each spelling system in the development of reading models. 相似文献
177.
Stefania de Vito Antimo Buonocore Jean-François Bonnefon Sergio Della Sala 《Cognitive processing》2014,15(4):543-549
It has long been known that eye movements are functionally involved in the generation and maintenance of mental images. Indeed, a number of studies demonstrated that voluntary eye movements interfere with mental imagery tasks (e.g., Laeng and Teodorescu in Cogn Sci 26:207–231, 2002). However, mental imagery is conceived as a multifarious cognitive function with at least two components, a spatial component and a visual component. The present study investigated the question of whether eye movements disrupt mental imagery in general or only its spatial component. We present data on healthy young adults, who performed visual and spatial imagery tasks concurrently with a smooth pursuit. In line with previous literature, results revealed that eye movements had a strong disruptive effect on spatial imagery. Moreover, we crucially demonstrated that eye movements had no disruptive effect when participants visualized the depictive aspects of an object. Therefore, we suggest that eye movements serve to a greater extent the spatial than the visual component of mental imagery. 相似文献
178.
Maria Emília Rodrigues de Oliveira Thais Gisele Cavallazzi Douglas Afonso Formolo Lucas D'Ávila de Castro Roseli Schmoeller Ricardo Guarnieri Marcelo Liborio Schwarzbold Alexandre Paim Diaz Alexandre Hohl Rui D. S. Prediger Maria Joana Mader Marcelo Neves Linhares Angelica Staniloiu Hans J. Markowitsch Roger Walz 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2014,8(1):125-139
179.
Jorge Guardiola Miguel A. García-Rubio Edna Guidi-Gutiérrez 《Applied research in quality of life》2014,9(2):367-385
In this paper we study the influence of residential water access on subjective well-being. The data come from original field work that includes 535 households in Sucre, Bolivia, a city with deficits in the water service. We relate two subjective well-being measures, satisfaction with life and satisfaction with the water domain, to water access variables. It could be the case that the effect of water access variables in subjective well-being could be spurious. That is, water access variables could be capturing shortfalls in other basic needs, such as a lack of income. In order to avoid spurious conclusions, we include socioeconomic variables such as income and place of residence in the regression as control variables. In addition, people might adapt to having poor access to water. The significance of the coefficients of the water variables could lead us to conclude that people do not adapt, but non significance means we cannot reject this possibility. In the econometric regressions, water variables such as water cuts, water quality and access quality, when added to the control variables, increase goodness-to-fit affecting both subjective well-being measures. Our results permit to assess the importance of key elements of access to water in the region under study by relating them to subjective well-being and reveal that water access influences subjective well-being beyond adaptation and other socioeconomic characteristics. Taking this into consideration, we propose that well-being studies in developing countries should consider water access aspects. 相似文献
180.
Ricardo Pagán Rodríguez Carlos Rivas Sánchez Carmen Ordóñez de Haro José Sánchez Maldonado 《Applied research in quality of life》2014,9(3):711-731
This study analyzes the differences in job satisfaction of older European people (aged 50-64), with or without disabilities, who are employed in either the public or the private sector. Using the data taken from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for the years 2004, 2007 and 2011, job satisfaction equations are estimated for workers from both the public and private sectors, with panel data techniques that include variables related to the worker's degree of disability (nondisabled, non-limited disabled, and limited disabled), among others. The results show that the disabled workers who are limited in their everyday activities are less satisfied in both the public and private sectors than those who are non-disabled and non-limited. In addition, the levels of job satisfaction for non-limited disabled people are higher than their non-disabled counterparts but only in the public sector. From a point of view of public policies, it is necessary to design and undertake measures and actions that would contribute to improving the levels of job satisfaction of older workers with disabilities, especially among those who are limited in their everyday activities. 相似文献