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251.
This study replicates and extends the work of Watson (1996) in which a sign eliminated graffiti when posted on bathroom walls. The present study investigated the effects of three different signs on walls in six men's bathrooms located on a university campus. Posting the signs was followed by the elimination or sharp reduction of graffiti. Removal of the signs was followed by a resurgence of graffiti. 相似文献
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In this study, we examine the suitability of a relatively new imaging technique, arterial spin labeled perfusion imaging, for the study of continuous, gradual changes in neural activity. Unlike BOLD imaging, the perfusion signal is stable over long time-scales, allowing for accurate assessment of continuous performance. In addition, perfusion fMRI provides an absolute measure of blood flow so signal changes can be interpreted without reference to a baseline. The task we used was the serial response time task, a sequence learning task. Our results show reliable correlations between performance improvements and decreases in blood flow in premotor cortex and the inferior parietal lobe, supporting the model that learning procedures that increase efficiency of processing will be reflected in lower metabolic needs in tissues that support such processes. More generally, our results show that perfusion fMRI may be applied to the study of mental operations that produce gradual changes in neural activity. 相似文献
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A perceptually filled-in surface, such as occurs during sustained attention to a peripheral stimulus (Troxler fading), can be functionally equivalent to a physically presented stimulus. Observers failed to detect probes that were presented in the location of a filled-in surface that had the same surface attributes as the probes; this was true even though, physically, the probes contrasted with the background. Probe stimuli with surface characteristics different from those of the filled-in surface were detected more often, though not quite as often as when there was no filled-in surface. Together, these findings support the idea that there are two components in perceptual filling: a neural filling-in component and a sustained-attention component, which actively suppresses perceptual processing at the filled-in location. More broadly, they illustrate the interplay of basic visual mechanisms in the creation and representation of visual surfaces and in the coding and detection of changes to these surfaces. 相似文献
256.
Engineering educators have long discussed the need to teach professional responsibility and the social context of engineering
without adding to overcrowded curricula. One difficulty we face is the lack of appropriate teaching materials that can fit
into existing courses. The PRiME (Professional Responsibility Modules for Engineering) Project (http://www.engr.utexas.edu/ethics/primeModules.cfm) described in this paper was initiated at the University
of Texas, Austin to provide web-based modules that could be integrated into any undergraduate engineering class. Using HPL
(How People Learn) theory, PRiME developed and piloted four modules during the academic year 2004–2005. This article introduces
the modules and the pilot, outlines the assessment process, analyzes the results, and describes how the modules are being
revised in light of the initial assessment. In its first year of development and testing, PRiME made significant progress
towards meeting its objectives. The PRiME Project can strengthen engineering education by providing faculty with an effective
system for engaging students in learning about professional responsibility.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2005 conference, Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology, Linking Workplace Ethics and Education, co-hosted by Gonzaga University and Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 9–10 June 2005. 相似文献
257.
Mills C Stephan SH Moore E Weist MD Daly BP Edwards M 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2006,9(3-4):149-161
The report from President George W. Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (NFC), Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America(2003), proposes goals and recommendations for improving mental health services. This report has significant implications
for the delivery of mental health services through the schools. A focused discussion of the potential opportunities and challenges
of implementing NFC recommendations related to school-based mental health is presented. Strategies for addressing five key
areas at the intersection of school mental health and the Commission’s recommendations include: stigma reduction, suicide
prevention, expansion and improvement of school mental health, and screening and treatment of co-occurring mental health and
substance abuse disorders. 相似文献
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Two experiments are described that investigate the effects of attention in moderating evaluative conditioning (EC) effects in a picture-picture paradigm in which previously discovered experimental artifacts (e.g., Field & Davey, 1999 ) were overcome by counterbalancing conditioned stimuli (CSs) and unconditioned stimuli (USs) across participants. Conditioned responses for individuals who had attention enhanced were compared against a control group and groups for whom attention was impeded using a distracter task. In a second experiment the effects of attention were dissociated from those of contingency awareness by using backward-masked US presentations. The results of these experiments indicate that although associative EC effects may not be disrupted by a lack of contingency awareness, attention is an important factor in establishing conditioning. These results shed some light onto the possible boundary conditions that could explain past inconsistencies in obtaining EC effects in the visual paradigm. 相似文献