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141.
Three experiments examined pigeon discrimination of computer-generated three-dimensional (3-D) projections of cube and pyramid objects. Four pigeons were tested using a go/no-go procedure involving static and dynamically rotating presentations of these stimuli. Transfer tests with different types of rotational and featural transformations suggested the pigeons may have used a 3-D representation of the objects as their primary means of performing the discrimination. The comparative implications for object and motion perception in animals are considered. 相似文献
142.
Three tests investigated how the geometric relation between object/landmarks and goals influenced spatial choice behavior
in rats. Two groups searched for hidden food in an object-filled circular arena containing 24 small poles. For the “Proximal”
group, four distinct objects in a square configuration were placed close to four baited poles. For the “Distal” group, the
identical configuration of objects was rotated 45° relative to the poles containing the hidden food. The Proximal group learned
to locate the baited poles more quickly than the Distal group. Tests with removed and rearranged landmarks indicated that the two groups learned to use the objects differently. The results suggested that close proximity
of objects to goals encouraged their use as beacons, while greater distance of objects from goals resulted in the global encoding
of the geometric properties of the arena and the use of the objects as landmarks.
Received: 22 June 1998 / Accepted after revision: 23 January 1999 相似文献
143.
144.
Involving parents in child sexual abuse prevention programs 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N. Dickson Reppucci Ph.D. Lisa Margaret Jones B.A. Sarah L. Cook M.A. 《Journal of child and family studies》1994,3(2):137-142
Conclusion The importance of involving parents in child sexual abuse prevention programs has been given much lip-service by prevention educators, but relatively little time, energy or resources in reality. This seems short-sighted at best, if the goal of these programs is truly prevention as they purport. Although the results of this study may have limited generalizability because of its sample size and its highly educated respondents, it is the first study to compare the knowledge of attending versus nonattending parents of a typical one-shot parent workshop. The results indicated that the parents as a whole were fairly well versed in the facts of sexual abuse, although as in previous studies, they did not extend the statistics on sexual abuse to their own children. However, probably the most important results were the enthusiastic responses for parent programs and involvement but in different formats, at different times, and in different environments than the current typical PTO evening, one-time meeting. Clearly child sexual abuse prevention programs should experiment with innovative ways to reach parents. If prevention programs can involve a small minority of motivated parents as they seem to be able to do, then together these parents and the educators may be able to develop methods and resources to involve the large majority of currently uninvolved parents. Such an integrated and involving community approach to the prevention of child sexual abuse seems necessary if the goal of prevention is ever going to be reached. 相似文献
145.
A. A. J. Marley V. T. Cook 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》1984,37(2):136-151
The information transmitted in absolute identification quickly reaches its upper limit as the number of (one-dimensional) signals, and their range, is increased. Several explanations have been given of this phenomenon, but all are ad hoc in one way or another. Here we present a ‘memory’ or ‘rehearsal’ interpretation. The basic (psychological) representation of each signal in an absolute identification experiment is assumed to be quite accurate, and independent of the other stimuli used in the experiment. However, the identification of the stimulus presented on a particular trial is relative to a ‘frame’ (usually the range of stimuli in that experiment) that the subject must ‘rehearse’ using a fixed capacity rehearsal system. In special cases, this model reduces to earlier suggestions, but its general motivation seems somewhat less ad hoc than that of earlier ideas, and it is also easily applied to the absolute identification of multivariate signals and to magnitude estimation. 相似文献
146.
Use of contingent lemon juice to eliminate public masturbation by a severely retarded boy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Contingent lemon juice successfully reduced and maintained at zero levels, public masturbatory responses in a severely retarded boy with a four year history of this behavior. Previously, more common procedures (loud “no” plus hand spanking. ignoring) had proven to be ineffective. The lemon juice contingency was shown to be effective in a period of from 13 to 16 days (in both home and school settings) and was easily implemented by a parent, a teacher and a para-professional. 相似文献
147.
John R. Adams Ph.D. Syracuse University Frederick P. Lawrence Sharla J. Cook 《Sex roles》1979,5(5):581-594
The effects of three role stereotypes on three socialization factors are investigated in a pilot study of over 1,700 women entering male-dominated skilled labor fields. Canonical correlation is used to analyze the data as an example of an appropriate technique for investigating such two-component multivariate relationships. 相似文献
148.
149.
John Northup David Wacker Gary Sasso Mark Steege Karla Cigrand Joni Cook Agnes DeRaad 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(3):509-522
We conducted a brief functional analysis to identify maintaining variables for aggressive behavior and an alternative replacement response during a 90-min outpatient evaluation of 3 individuals with severe handicaps. During the initial analogue assessment, which focused on identifying maintaining contingencies for aggressive behavior, each participant displayed a substantially greater frequency of aggressive behavior during one condition than during any other. The contingency that produced the highest percentage of aggressive behavior was then presented for the occurrence of a specific alternative behavior (a mand). During this contingency reversal phase, each participant displayed a substantial reduction in aggressive behavior and a substantial increase in alternative behavior, thus providing a direct analysis of the equivalency of the contingency for maintaining either behavior. 相似文献
150.
Catherine E. Draper Caylee J. Cook Steven J. Howard Hleliwe Makaula Rebecca Merkley Mbulelo Mshudulu Nosibusiso Tshetu Gaia Scerif 《Infant and child development》2023,32(3):e2417
This qualitative study explored caregivers' perceptions of factors influencing early childhood development in low-income, urban South African settings, from a social ecological perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with 15 caregivers of 3–5-year-old children; a reflexive thematic analysis approach was adopted. In the family and home context, caregivers spoke about their role in developing, nurturing, providing, protecting and disciplining their children. Risks included low socioeconomic status, dysfunctional relationships and caregiver mental health; resources related to early learning and social support. In the preschool/school context, caregivers discussed the value of early learning, and priorities for selecting early childhood care and education settings. Community risks included violence and crime; resources mentioned were social support, community programmes and infrastructure. The social ecological model provides a holistic and contextually relevant perspective for understanding multiple factors (risks and protective factors) influencing early childhood development in low-income South African settings. 相似文献