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71.
Transnational Discourses of Knowledge and Learning in Professional Work: Examples from Computer Engineering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Monika Nerland 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2010,29(2):183-195
Taking a Foucauldian framework as its point of departure, this paper discusses how transnational discourses of knowledge and
learning operate in the profession of computer engineering and form a certain logic through which modes of being an engineer
are regulated. Both the knowledge domain of computer engineering and its related labour market is heavily internationalised
and characterised by a general focus on universalism and standardisation. Moreover, rapid shifts in technologies and institutional
arrangements contribute to an embracement of more wide-ranging discourses related to lifelong learning and the enterprising
self. Thus, dominant discourses of knowledge and learning within this profession reflect processes of globalisation and take
a transnational character. The paper discusses how the discourses in play constitute mechanisms of governmentality that present
certain expectations to professionals and shape their energies, efforts and desires in certain directions. In order to be
influential, however, the discourses depend on individuals who take up the subject positions offered and enact them in locally
relevant and partially creative ways. Thus, careful analyses of the discourses in specific knowledge communities, as well
as of their interrelated subject positions, may enhance our understanding of the more epistemic dimensions of globalisation
and how these come to influence the imaginations of individuals as ‘citizens of the world.’ 相似文献
72.
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74.
Barbara Hoff Esbjrn Sonja Breinholst Bianca Munkebo Christiansen Lotte Bukh Monika Walczak 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(4):323-328
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for child anxiety. However, access to treatment is limited. It has been suggested that low‐intensity formats of parent‐delivered CBT may improve access to treatment. Our aim was to develop and pilot‐test the acceptability and effect of a low‐intensity therapist‐guided parent‐delivered group program for anxious children (age 7–12 years) adjusted to the Scandinavian culture. The program required 1.5 hours of therapist‐time per family. Mothers, fathers and children reported on revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) at referral, pre‐ and post‐treatment. Mothers and fathers also gave a qualitative account of their experiences. Thirty‐one families were enrolled and only one family dropped out. Mean age of the children was 9 years. Intent‐to‐treat analyses revealed significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms from pre‐ to post‐treatment for all informants. Large effect sizes were found for child anxiety symptoms as reported by mothers and fathers, and for child depressive symptoms as reported by mothers. Medium to large effect sizes was found for the self‐reported anxiety symptoms by the children, and for depressive symptoms reported by both children and fathers. More than 93% of the parents would recommend the program. Results suggest that our program may provide a new approach to improve access to treatment for anxious children in Scandinavia; however, further research must be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn. 相似文献
75.
Müller JL Sommer M Döhnel K Weber T Schmidt-Wilcke T Hajak G 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2008,26(1):131-150
Impaired emotional responsiveness has been revealed as a hallmark of psychopathy. In spite of an increasing database on emotion processing, studies on cognitive function and in particular on the impact of emotion on cognition in psychopathy are rare. We used pictures from the International Affective Picture Set (IAPS) and a Simon Paradigm to address emotion-cognition interaction while functional and structural imaging data were obtained in 12 healthy controls and 10 psychopaths. We found an impaired emotion-cognition interaction in psychopaths that correlated with a changed prefrontal and temporal brain activation. With regard to the temporal cortex, it is shown that structure and function of the right superior temporal gyrus is disturbed in psychopathy, supporting a neurobiological approach to psychopathy, in which structure and function of the right STG may be important. 相似文献
76.
77.
从博弈游戏看儿童经济决策行为的发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国外有研究借助最后通谍(UG)和独裁者博弈(DG)探查了儿童的决策行为,他们发现,随着儿童年龄的增长,他们分配给对方的金额呈上升趋势,即公平和分享行为随年龄增加。儿童的经济决策行为和社会化不可避免要受文化影响。研究探查了中国文化下小学三、六年级、初二、大学一年级四个年龄组学生在最后通谍(UG)和独裁者博弈(DG)中的经济决策行为发展。研究同时比较了个体决策和群体决策的差异。结果发现:儿童在两个博弈中的提议金额都显示出公平和分享行为,随着儿童年龄的增长,儿童在UG和随后进行的DG中的提议分配金额呈减少趋势。这个发现与以往国外研究结果明显不同。两个博弈的顺序对UG没有影响,但对DG有影响;儿童的个体决策和群体决策结果没有显示显著差异 相似文献
78.
To study links between rapid ERP responses to fearful faces and conscious awareness, a backward‐masking paradigm was employed where fearful or neutral target faces were presented for different durations and were followed by a neutral face mask. Participants had to report target face expression on each trial. When masked faces were clearly visible (200 ms duration), an early frontal positivity, a later more broadly distributed positivity, and a temporo‐occipital negativity were elicited by fearful relative to neutral faces, confirming findings from previous studies with unmasked faces. These emotion‐specific effects were also triggered when masked faces were presented for only 17 ms, but only on trials where fearful faces were successfully detected. When masked faces were shown for 50 ms, a smaller but reliable frontal positivity was also elicited by undetected fearful faces. These results demonstrate that early ERP responses to fearful faces are linked to observers' subjective conscious awareness of such faces, as reflected by their perceptual reports. They suggest that frontal brain regions involved in the construction of conscious representations of facial expression are activated at very short latencies. 相似文献
79.
Heike M. Buhl 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(4):239-249
In order to investigate the significance of adults’ relationship to their parents, this relationship is compared to relationships
with siblings, friends, partners, and children. German adults (N = 902) between the ages of 20 and 86 completed the Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman and Buhrmester 1992). Participants felt most supported by their partners, followed by their children, mothers, friends, fathers, and siblings.
Conflicts were more frequently found within the family (especially with the partner, followed by children, mothers, fathers,
and siblings) than with friends. Except for partner relationships, both conflict and support decreased with age. Concerning
relative power within their relationships, partners, mothers, and siblings are seen as equals, friends and especially fathers
are perceived as more powerful, and children as less, yet increasingly powerful. Regarding all relationship types and relationship
qualities, the differences between women and men were small. 相似文献
80.
Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) together with the hippocampus is a component of the spatial memory circuit. To elucidate the role of the RSC in spatial memory formation in the immediate presence of both relevant and irrelevant spatial stimuli, we used a new place avoidance task, in which rats learn to avoid shock in an unmarked place. In the present study, we manipulated the relevance of distal "Room" stimuli and local "Arena" stimuli for place avoidance. Rats with ibotenate lesions of RSC, control sham lesions (Csl) and intact control rats (Cint) initially learned the (Room&Arena)+ task variant in which both Room and Arena stimuli are relevant for defining the shock sector. Afterwards, different subsets of rats from each group were trained in the following task variants: (i) Room+Arena-, in which the arena continuously rotated so that Room stimuli were relevant and Arena stimuli were irrelevant for avoiding shock; (ii) Arena+, in which the arena and shock sector rotated in a dark room so that Arena stimuli were relevant and Room stimuli were irrelevant for avoiding shock; (iii) Room+, in which the arena was covered in shallow water so that only Room stimuli were relevant for avoiding the shock sector whether the arena was stationary or rotating. We found that damage of RSC impaired the Room+Arena- variant that required relevant and irrelevant stimuli to be segregated. Importantly, the same lesions spared task variants that did not require segregation. Our results suggest an involvement of retrosplenial cortex in the segregation of spatial information. 相似文献