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731.
The Great Recession brought many changes to the work and financial lives of American families. Little is known, however, about how changes in parental work conditions in recessionary times influence children's vocational development. Drawing on data from the Youth Development Study, we examine whether parents' recessionary experiences shape adolescents' work values. The findings indicate that adolescents' work values are shaped through a cross-generational reinforcement model; both extrinsic and intrinsic values are stronger when parental work conditions are more rewarding. In an exception to this pattern, unemployment among parents with low levels of education (high school degrees or less) is positively associated with children's extrinsic and intrinsic orientations, more consistent with a compensation model. 相似文献
732.
In child abuse investigations, children are often asked to recount previous conversations related to the allegations (i.e., “conversational testimony”). To explore children's ability to provide conversational testimony, we staged a semi-structured novel dyadic conversation between an adult researcher and 8-year-old children (n = 90). Children's gist recall and recognition memory for their own statements, their conversational partner's statements, and question–answer pairs were tested after either a 1-week or a 3-week delay. The results revealed that children recounted a minority of the conversation, although children recalled more after a short delay (7%) than after a long delay (4%). A majority of children's free recall statements were accurate (68%); however, approximately one-third of their free recall statements were incorrect. Children almost exclusively recounted their own statements, and rarely recalled any of the adult's statements or the question–answer pairs during free recall. Reports of the adult's statements and question–answer pairs increased with cued recall questioning, but remained minimal. During recognition testing, children were able to distinguish between true and false recognition items for their own statements and the adult's statements, but performed at chance level on recognition items concerning question–answer pairs. Forensic implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
733.
Autoclitics are secondary verbal operants that are controlled by a feature of the conditions that occasion or evoke a primary verbal operant such as a tact or mand. Qualifying autoclitics extend, negate, or assert a speaker's primary verbal response and modify the intensity or direction of the listener's behavior. Howard and Rice (1988) established autoclitics that indicated weak stimulus control (e.g., “like a [primary tact]”) with four neurotypical preschool children. However, generalization to newly acquired tacts was limited. In Experiment 1, we addressed similar behavior as in Howard and Rice but with autistic children while using simultaneous teaching procedures, and we observed generalization across sets and with newly acquired tacts. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of multiple-exemplar training on generalization of autoclitics across sets of naturalistic stimuli. Across participants, gradual increases in the frequency of autoclitics occurred with untaught stimuli after teaching with one or more sets. 相似文献
734.
One explanation for the dearth of women in elected office is that voters stereotype candidates based on their gender. Research in this vein often assumes that female candidates will be stereotyped similarly to women (e.g., as compassionate) and measures stereotypes as such. We question this assumption, proposing instead that female politicians constitute a subtype—a new stereotypical category with its own qualities—of the broader group of women. We compare the content of female politician stereotypes to other relevant comparison groups including politicians, male politicians, and female professionals. Using a classic methodology to determine stereotype content (Katz & Braly, 1933), we find that female politicians do not share the qualities that are ascribed to women (e.g., warm, empathetic). Our results show that female politicians seem to be “losing” on male stereotypical qualities while also not having any advantage on qualities typical of women. The content of female politician stereotypes is nebulous and lacks clarity in comparison to all other groups examined. We discuss implications for the future measurement of politician stereotypes. 相似文献
735.
McDonnell Christina G. Lawson Monica Speidel Ruth Fondren Kaitlin Valentino Kristin 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(7):837-851
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Mother–child reminiscing about past emotional experiences is one aspect of emotion socialization that facilitates child socio-emotional and... 相似文献
736.
Gonzalez Samantha Rodriguez Christina M. Paine Emma 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(9):2344-2358
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Although research demonstrates intergenerational transmission of parenting attitudes and child abuse risk, greater clarity on the potential mechanisms in this... 相似文献
737.
Alfonso Landolfi Margherita Brondino Monica Molino Alessandro Lo Presti 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2022,72(1):100715
IntroductionThe dynamics pertaining to work-family interface such as conflict, enrichment, etc. have received considerable scholarly attention in social sciences. However, the daily processes that are involved have been examined to a lesser extent, least of all including the role played by emotions.ObjectiveThis study aimed at examining, consistently with the Affective Events Theory, if positive and negative affect experienced during the working day played a mediational role in the associations between daily levels of work-family conflict and work-family enrichment on one side, and work-family balance on the other. Moreover, the moderating cross-level role of trait emotional stability was examined.MethodThe study included a convenience sample of 104 Italian employees who completed a diary-book over five consecutive working days.ResultsMultilevel-modelling results highlighted, controlling for emotional stability, a mediational role of only daily positive affect in the relationships between both work-family conflict and enrichment on the one side and work-family balance on the other side.ConclusionThis study contributed to the literature emphasizing the role of positive affective states experienced at the workplace and their connections with the private life. Limitations and implications for research and practice are described. 相似文献
738.
James?Rodriguez S.?S.?OlinEmail author Kimberly?E.?Hoagwood Sa?Shen Geraldine?Burton Marleen?Radigan Peter?S.?Jensen 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(4):397-405
Family-to-family services are emerging as an important adjunctive service to traditional mental health care and a vehicle
for improving parent engagement and service use in children’s mental health services. In New York State, a growing workforce
of Family Peer Advocates (FPA) is delivering family-to-family services. We describe the development and evaluation of a professional
program to enhance Family Peer Advocate professional skills, called the Parent Engagement and Empowerment Program (PEP). We
detail the history and content of PEP and provide data from a pre/post and 6-month follow up evaluation of 58 FPA who participated
in the first Statewide regional training effort. Self-efficacy, empowerment, and skills development were assessed at 3 time
points: baseline, post-training, and 6-month follow-up. The largest changes were in self-efficacy and empowerment. Regional
differences suggest differences in Family Peer Advocate workforce across areas of the state. This evaluation also provides
the first systematic documentation of Family Peer Advocate activities over a six-month period. Consistent with peer specialists
within the adult health care field, FPA in the children’s mental health field primarily focused on providing emotional support
and service access issues. Implications for expanding family-to-family services and integrating it more broadly into provider
organizations are described. 相似文献
739.
Although members of the clergy experience working conditions that have been associated with “emotional labour”, little is
known about the impact of this aspect of the job role on wellbeing. This study examined relationships between emotional labour
and psychological distress and intrinsic job satisfaction in 188 UK-based clergy. Also investigated were the potential moderating
effects of social support and training in counselling skills. Findings revealed significant associations between emotional
labour and both psychological distress and job satisfaction. Evidence was found that counselling training and a wider social
network may protect clergy from the negative impact of emotional labour, but social network size may also be a risk factor
for wellbeing. Further research should examine the impact of emotional labour on clergy, and the factors that might help them
manage this more effectively. 相似文献
740.
The potential effect of gender on intellectual abilities remains controversial. The purpose of this research was to analyze gender differences in cognitive test performance among children from continuous age groups. For this purpose, the normative data from 7 domains of the newly developed neuropsychological test battery, the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil [Child Neuropsychological Assessment] (Matute, Rosselli, Ardila, & Ostrosky-Solis, 2007), were analyzed. The sample included 788 monolingual children (350 boys, 438 girls) ages 5 to 16 years from Mexico and Colombia. Gender differences were observed in oral language (language expression and language comprehension), spatial abilities (recognition of pictures seen from different angles), and visual (Object Integration Test) and tactile perceptual tasks, with boys outperforming girls in most cases, except for the tactile tasks. Gender accounted for only a very small percentage of the variance (1%-3%). Gender x Age interactions were observed for the tactile tasks only. It was concluded that gender differences during cognitive development are minimal, appear in only a small number of tests, and account for only a low percentage of the score variance. 相似文献