Affective development and etiological implication in body image disorders and anorexia: reflections on bdd manifestations and refusal of food in a psychodynamic view

The literature demonstrates that relational experiences during childhood have a strong impact on the trajectories of psychological growth. This article focuses on the major developmental phases for identity formation, psychological growth, mentalization skills, and ability to share affective states. It presents a careful analysis of some key factors that influence the representation of body image and the relationship with food, from a perspective that integrates relational psychodynamic models. In particular, it looks at the ways in which individuals and caregivers actively co-create the symptomatic process of intrapsychic reality in which body disease and refusal of food are performed.     

Impairment of the Body Image: Perceptions and Subjective Evaluations in Adolescents and Young Adults

The construction of body image consists of the ways in which the body is considered, perceived, and evaluated. The ideal body image has been changing considerably over the centuries; the discrepancy between real and ideal body, today, leads many individuals to be dissatisfied with their body, develop negative feelings, and, in some cases, unhealthy behaviors. All this has led, in recent decades, to a sort of cult of the body. As a matter of fact, in Western culture the body has turned into an idol, a strict and demanding god to which one often becomes a slave. This article presents a bibliographical review on the main theories concerning body image, thus opening a space for reflection on its relative disorders, first of all that of body dysmorphism.     

Assessing the Adherence to Guidelines of Media Reporting of Suicide Using a Novel Instrument—the “Risk of Imitative Suicide Scale” (RISc)

Media guidelines for reporting of suicide are considered important in suicide prevention because of the risk of “imitative” suicide. There are currently no established tools for the quantification of quality of reporting. We sought to develop and validate a quality assessment instrument—the Risk of Imitative Suicide Scale (RISc). The RISc appears capable of discriminating reliably between adherent and nonadherent articles. Our data suggest that adherence to guidelines is inconsistent, and there are major differences between web‐based and print media. The RISc could be used to evaluate effectiveness and consistency of media engagement with suicide prevention strategies.     

Standing out and not fitting in: The Dark Triad traits and social values

ABSTRACT

We replicated and extended (N = 207) work on the social values (i.e., obedience, tradition, security, benevolence, universalism, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, and power) linked to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism). Each of the traits was positively associated with values of achievement and power. Psychopathy and narcissism were both negatively correlated with benevolence, and psychopathy and Machiavellianism were negatively correlated with obedience. Psychopathy was also negatively correlated with tradition. Sex differences in the values of tradition, benevolence, and power were mediated by psychopathy. We suggest that high rates of the Dark Triad traits facilitate, for men, holding social values that emphasize standing out whereas low rates facilitate, for women, fitting in.     

Factors Associated with the Medical Severity of Suicide Attempts in Youths and Young Adults

T his study examined factors associated with the medical severity of suicide attempts focusing on demographic characteristics, mental health characteristics, and the circumstances of the suicide attempt. Analyses were based on 153 nearly lethal suicide attempters and 47 less lethal suicide attempters aged 13–34 years who presented to emergency departments in Houston, Texas. The results show that young age was significantly associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt. Prior suicide attempts, hopelessness, depression, and help‐seeking (ever) were significantly and negatively associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt. None of the suicide attempt factors occurring prior to the attempt were associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt.