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111.
Nenad Paunović Lars-Göran Öst 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2004,26(1):15-21
The Swedish version of the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) was cross-culturally validated with a crime victim sample (N = 53) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a nonclinical group (N = 100) with no lifetime and current psychiatric disorder from the general population in the Stockholm county of Sweden. The QOLI showed excellent internal consistencies in the clinical and the nonclinical sample. In addition, PTSD participants displayed a significantly lower self-perceived quality of life in 13 out of 16 domains of life than the nonclinical individuals. Furthermore, the QOLI was inversely correlated with interview and self-report measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Overall, the results support the utility of the Swedish QOLI version as a potentially useful measure of self-perceived quality of life in Swedish clinical and nonclinical samples. The results are discussed in relation to the Swedish cross-cultural validation of the QOLI, methodological limitations and future directions. 相似文献
112.
Benson V Castelhano MS Au-Yeung SK Rayner K 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(6):1139-1150
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developed (TD) adult participants viewed pairs of scenes for a simple "spot the difference" (STD) and a complex "which one's weird" (WOW) task. There were no group differences in the STD task. In the WOW task, the ASD group took longer to respond manually and to begin fixating the target "weird" region. Additionally, as indexed by the first-fixation duration into the target region, the ASD group failed to "pick up" immediately on what was "weird". The findings are discussed with reference to the complex information processing theory of ASD (Minshew & Goldstein, 1998 ). 相似文献
113.
James Collard Monica O’Kelly 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2011,29(4):248-256
Through his development of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), Albert Ellis was a major contributor to the development
of cognitive behaviour therapy. This article reviews key aspects of REBT, the distinction between unhealthy and healthy emotions,
and the role irrational and rational beliefs play in relation to these emotions. As with other areas of psychology, the focus
of REBT over the years has been dominated by negative emotional experiences. In an attempt to address this and further develop
REBT, the present article reviews recent claims from the realm of social psychology that positive illusions promote mental
health. Consequently, it is proposed that a similar dichotomy of healthy and unhealthy positive emotions also exists, and
a basic framework for working with this positive dichotomy is introduced. 相似文献
114.
A major ethical concern in research with criminal offenders is the potential for abuse due to coercive influences that may adversely affect offenders' capacity to give voluntary consent to participate in research conducted in correctional settings. Despite this concern, to date there have been almost no systematic scientific investigations of the extent to which offenders themselves perceive that coercion occurs in these settings or that it is likely to influence their decisions about research participation. In a sample of over 600 ethnically diverse men and women recruited from various prisons and community corrections facilities in Texas and Florida, we used a vignette-based survey concerning a hypothetical research project to measure and compare offenders' global perceptions of coercive processes, as well as the differential salience and perceived coercive influence of specific factors (e.g., coercion by other inmates, inducements from staff). Somewhat surprisingly, across multiple outcome measures our participants on average reported relatively little in the way of significant coercive influences on their capacity to make voluntary decisions concerning research participation. Implications and directions for future research on coercive influences in offender research are discussed. 相似文献
115.
Owens KM Marvin ML Gelehrter TD Ruffin MT Uhlmann WR 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):510-525
This study examined medical students’ and house officers’ opinions about the Surgeon General’s “My Family Health Portrait”
(MFHP) tool. Participants used the tool and were surveyed about tool mechanics, potential clinical uses, and barriers. None
of the 97 participants had previously used this tool. The average time to enter a family history was 15 min (range 3 to 45 min).
Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the MFHP tool is understandable (98%), easy to use (93%), and suitable for general
public use (84%). Sixty-seven percent would encourage their patients to use the tool; 39% would ensure staff assistance. Participants
would use the tool to identify patients at increased risk for disease (86%), record family history in the medical chart (84%),
recommend preventive health behaviors (80%), and refer to genetics services (72%). Concerns about use of the tool included
patient access, information accuracy, technical challenges, and the need for physician education on interpreting family history
information. 相似文献
116.
Marsee MA Barry CT Childs KK Frick PJ Kimonis ER Muñoz LC Aucoin KJ Fassnacht GM Kunimatsu MM Lau KS 《心理评价》2011,23(3):792-804
This study examined the structure of a self-report measure of the forms and functions of aggression in 855 adolescents (582 boys, 266 girls) aged 12 to 19 years recruited from high school, detained, and residential settings. The Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) is a 40-item measure that was developed to improve upon existing measures and provide an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of four dimensions of aggression (i.e., reactive overt, reactive relational, proactive overt, and proactive relational) in youths. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a 4-factor model represented a satisfactory solution for the data. The factor structure fit well for both boys and girls and across high school, detained, and residential samples. Internal consistency estimates were good for the 4 factors, and they showed expected associations with externalizing variables (i.e., arrest history, callous-unemotional traits, and delinquency). Reactive and proactive subtypes showed unique associations consistent with previous literature. Implications for the use of the PCS to assess aggression and inform intervention decisions in diverse samples of youths are discussed. 相似文献
117.
Although the use of semantic information about the world seems ubiquitous in every task we perform, it is not clear whether
we rely on a scene’s semantic information to guide attention when searching for something in a specific scene context (e.g.,
keys in one’s living room). To address this question, we compared contribution of a scene’s semantic information (i.e., scene
gist) versus learned spatial associations between objects and context. Using the flash-preview–moving-window paradigm Castelhano
and Henderson (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 33:753–763, 2007), participants searched
for target objects that were placed in either consistent or inconsistent locations and were semantically consistent or inconsistent
with the scene gist. The results showed that learned spatial associations were used to guide search even in inconsistent contexts,
providing evidence that scene context can affect search performance without consistent scene gist information. We discuss
the results in terms of hierarchical organization of top-down influences of scene context. 相似文献
118.
119.
Ömer Faruk Şimşek 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):421-442
The major problem with the current emotional well-being scales is that they lack intentionality (being about something), which
makes them incongruent with the definition of subjective well-being. A new emotional well-being scale with new affect adjectives
has been developed by addressing intentionality. It focuses on individuals’ affective evaluations of their life and has showed
good psychometric quality. In the first and second studies, the factor structure of the scale, the Emotional Well-Being Scale,
was determined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 showed that the scores on the scale were stable in
time. The fourth and fifth studies indicated that this new construct did not overlap with personality dimensions of extraversion
and neuroticism, with impressive predictive and incremental validity estimates. 相似文献
120.
Tsethlikai M 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(1):192-202
This exploratory cross-sectional study examined fluid cognitive skills and standardized verbal IQ scores in relation to cultural engagement amongst Tohono O'odham children (N = 99; ages 7 to 12 years). Guardians with higher socioeconomic status engaged their children in more cultural activities, and participation in more cultural activities contributed to higher standardized verbal IQ scores. Mean cognitive skill scores varied as a function of age and Tohono O'odham language knowledge. Children who understood and/or spoke Tohono O'odham started out with lower average scores than did children with no language knowledge, but mean scores generally increased in the older age groups such that they were equal to or higher than those of nonspeakers by age 9. Children with higher fluid cognitive skill scores had higher standardized verbal IQ scores than did children with lower scores. 相似文献