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31.
Are Dispositions Reducible? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
George Molnar 《The Philosophical quarterly》1999,49(194):1-17
The traditional analysis of dispositions as conditionals is subject to in-superable difficulties. Recently David Lewis has offered a new, reformed analysis intended to meet objections to the old accounts while remaining reductionist about causal powers. I argue that it succeeds in meeting only some of the objections to its predecessors. For the reductionist programme to succeed, more is needed than the correct analysis of dispositions. If dispositional properties are to be reduced, then the world must contain a reduction base. Prima facie this is not the case: the dispositions of medium-sized objects are only reducible to dispositional properties of the structural parts of the objects. The physically ultimate constituents of matter, sub-atomic particles, are simple, and have no properties that could serve as the grounding of their dispositions. Reductionists make three major responses to this argument, which I evaluate. I conclude that the world does not contain anything to which dispositions could be reduced. 相似文献
32.
A Person-Centered Approach to Subjective Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael A. Busseri Stanley Sadava Danielle Molnar Nancy DeCourville 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(2):161-181
Rooted in Diener’s (Psychol Bull 95:542–575, 1984) three-component model of subjective well-being (SWB), the present work
employed a person-centered approach to studying SWB based on Shmotkin’s (Rev Gen Psychol 9:291–325, 2005) dynamic systems
framework. Within-individual configurations of life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were
explored using cluster analysis. Five distinct SWB configurations replicated within and across two samples (N = 756 first-year undergraduates; N = 550 community adults). A substantial number of participants reported a profile indicative of “high SWB” (high LS, frequent
PA, infrequent NA). Consistent with expectations, these individuals were characterized by elevated mental, physical, and interpersonal
functioning. In contrast, people with a “low SWB” profile reported the greatest dysfunction. Across the five clusters, however,
adaptive functioning was not unique to individuals reporting a high SWB profile, nor was dysfunction unique to people characterized
by a low SWB configuration. Results are discussed in terms of compensation and strain processes hypothesized by Shmotkin (2005).
Implications for future research on SWB are considered.
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Michael A. BusseriEmail: |
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