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81.
Fixation within a modified Poggendorff display was used to assess Pressey's hypothesized construct of attentive fields. In Experiment I the results for fixating near the bottom of the display supported the predictions based on Pressey's construct; however, results from fixating near the top of the display were more easily explained by a tilt effect noted by Zajac (1957).
Experiment II and III replicated the first experiment and obtained independent measures of the tilt effect. After the tilt effect was subtracted from the Poggendorff scores, the prediction based upon the attentive field construct was supported in the top fixation condition; however, only Experiment II provided support for the prediction in the bottom fixation condition. 相似文献
Experiment II and III replicated the first experiment and obtained independent measures of the tilt effect. After the tilt effect was subtracted from the Poggendorff scores, the prediction based upon the attentive field construct was supported in the top fixation condition; however, only Experiment II provided support for the prediction in the bottom fixation condition. 相似文献
82.
83.
Gretchen Conn Paul Stafiniak Madeline C. Dipasquale Lyn Harper 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(2):184-187
In the introductory psychology laboratory at Drexel University, we employ courseware modules that transform the computer into various pieces of psychological research equipment. Students enrolled in this course use the courseware modules in a series of experiments that investigate motor learning, perception, memory, and other psychological phenomena. In choosing this form of computerization, we have encountered challenges to our methods of instruction, both in the laboratory and in the lecture hall. Opportunities, in the form of financial and programming assistance, have also resulted from our computerization efforts. 相似文献
84.
Personality correlates of success in total quality manufacturing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theodore L. Hayes Harper A. Roehm Joseph P. Castellano 《Journal of business and psychology》1994,8(4):397-411
This study examined the relation of the Big Five factors of normal personality to individual performance in total quality manufacturing. One hundred thirty-six automobile plastic-part injection molding machine operators completed the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI). Criteria included behaviorally-based performance ratings. Successful employees had significantly lower scores on Openness (HPI: Intellectance) and Extraversion (HPI: Sociability) than less successful employees, but higher Conscientiousness scores (HPI: Prudence). A new HPI scale was developed to predict performance in this environment.We would like to thank Robert Hogan, Maryalice Citera, and Bob Gordon for their comments on earlier drafts. Please send comments about this report to Ted Hayes, Department of Psychology, 309 Oelman Hall, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435 相似文献
85.
Adolescents' problems and their relationship to self-esteem. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Mooney Problem Check List and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 201 adolescents, ages 14 to 16 years. Sex differences in the number and nature of problems reported, and their relationship to self-esteem, were examined. Results indicated that, overall, girls reported significantly more problems and lower levels of self-esteem than did boys. Girls had more problems with interpersonal relationships, personal adjustment, health, and family issues. There were no significant differences between girls and boys in the areas of educational and vocational future. Surprisingly, neither boys nor girls were particularly concerned about their vocational/educational future. Relative to other areas, adjustment to schoolwork was identified as being of considerable concern for both sexes. There was a significant relationship between self-esteem and reported problems, and different problem areas were related to self-esteem for girls and boys. The findings of this study support previous research and provide further information concerning relationships between self-esteem and problems. 相似文献
86.
Harper VB 《Psychological reports》2005,97(3):903-906
E-mail is used to maintain two primary human relationships, interaction between individuals and preserving relationships with organizations. 278 participants from a medium-size university in the southwest completed two measures developed to assess the quantity of e-mail used to maintain interpersonal and organizational relationships. Analysis indicated that men (M = 5.8, SD = 2.7) and women (M = 6.6, SD = 2.5) significantly differed in frequency of e-mail used to maintain interpersonal relationships, but not in reference to organizational maintenance. 相似文献
87.
Robert G. Harper Ranjit C. Chacko Doreen Kotik-Harper James Young Jennifer Gotto 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1998,5(2):187-198
The utility of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) in screening for the formal diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder was investigated in a sample of 90 heart transplant candidates, a population at risk for psychiatric disturbance. Psychiatric disorders were identified in 71% of patients, the majority being adjustment disorder. Sensitivity and specificity rates of >70% were determined in discriminant function analyses, for presence or absence of a psychiatric condition. When Axis I conditions were differentiated as mild (adjustment reaction only) or severe (all other Axis I conditions, including comorbid Axis II disorders), the MBHI correctly identified every severe case as a probable psychiatric diagnosis. The rate of clinically significant elevations on certain MBHI scales and severity of Axis I psychiatric condition was also significantly associated. These findings suggest that the MBHI may have potential utility in identifying high-risk patients with diagnosable psychiatric conditions and help justify mental health consultation referrals at a time when managed care entities are vigorously rationing ancillary services with medically ill populations. 相似文献
88.
Mark A. Barnett Guy D. Vitaglione Jeffrey S. Bartel Birgit S. Valdez Lee Ann Steadman Kemberly K. G. Harper 《Current Psychology》1998,17(2-3):170-187
Two studies were conducted to assess the relationship between an individual's self-described motivation for being a help-provider
(i.e., a lawyer in Study 1 and a physi-cian in Study 2) and college undergraduates' perceptions of, and desire to seek assis-tance
from, that help-provider. The major findings were incongruent with the notion inferred from the helping literature that altruistically
motivated help-providers would be consistently evaluated more favorably than, and preferred over, egoistically moti-vated
help-providers. Specifically, whereas the other-oriented help-providers were rated as more likable, honest, and less devious
than the self-oriented help-providers, the self-oriented help-providers were rated as more ambitious, competent, and as earning
more money than the other-oriented help-providers. Moreover, although the participants' “desire to hire” a particular help-provider
was found to be associated with: (1) their perceptions of the help-provider's characteristics (Studies 1 and 2), (2) their
own self-reported characteristics (Study 1), and (3) their anticipated affective state prior to seeking assistance (Studies
1 and 2), no clear relation was found in either study between the help-provider's motivation and the participants' desire
to seek assistance from that help-provider. In contrast to the ambivalence demonstrated in response to the altruistically
and egoistically motivated professional help-providers in Studies 1 and 2, participants in a preliminary study of perceptions
of “everyday” helpers demonstrated a clear preference for altruistically motivated assistance (al-though these participants'
evaluations were found to be influenced by the closeness of the relationship between the helper and recipient, the type of
help provided, the participants' gender, and the gender of the helper-recipient dyad). Considered to-gether, the pattern of
results suggests the broad range of situational and individual difference variables that may affect perceptions of, and reactions
to, self-oriented and other-oriented help-providers. 相似文献
89.
Harper DN 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1996,65(3):549-560
Response-independent food was delivered during a dark-key phase between two multiple-schedule components to explore its disruptive effects on responding. Responding in components was maintained by separate variable-interval 120-s schedules, with a 2-s reinforcer in Component 1 and a 6-s reinforcer in Component 2. Across conditions the rate and duration of response-independent food presentations were manipulated. The results showed that response rates in both components decreased as a function of the duration and the rate of response-independent food presentations; moreover, the decrease in response rate relative to the baseline level was larger in Component 1 than in Component 2. These findings were consistent with expectations from behavioral momentum theory, which predicts that if equal disruption (response-independent food in this case) is applied to responding in two components, then the ratio of response-rate change in Component 1 versus Component 2 should remain constant, irrespective of the magnitude of that disruption. 相似文献
90.
We propose a new model of therapy which involves working with ‘nonpresent’ clients, argue that this is the only theoretically consistent way of avoiding pathologization, discrimination and abuses of power, and suggest new concepts and practices to aid in the development of this way of working. Since postmodernism has the effect of enabling multiple and contradictory interpretations of texts, readers may find themselves invited to adopt a range of positions from serious reflection to laughter. 相似文献