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11.
Perceptions of Housing and Shelter among People with Histories of Unstable Housing in three Cities in Canada: A Qualitative Study 下载免费PDF全文
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Timo D. Vloet Ivo Marx Berrak Kahraman-Lanzerath Florian D. Zepf Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann Kerstin Konrad 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(7):961-969
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have both been linked to dysfunction
in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry (CSTCC). However, the exact nature of neurocognitive deficits remains to
be investigated in both disorders. We applied two neuropsychological tasks that tap into different functions associated with
the CSTCC, namely a serial reaction time (SRT) task, developed to assess implicit sequence learning, and a delay aversion
(DA) task in order to assess abnormal motivational processes. The performance data of boys with ADHD (n = 20), OCD (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 25), all aged 10–18 years, were compared. Subjects with ADHD less frequently chose the larger, more delayed reward compared
to those with OCD and controls, while subjects with OCD showed impaired implicit learning. In contrast, the ADHD group was
unimpaired in their implicit learning behavior and the OCD group was not characterized by a DA style. Within the OCD-group,
severity of obsessions was associated with implicit learning deficits and impulsive symptoms with DA in the ADHD-group. This
double dissociation highlights the distinct cognitive dysfunctions associated with ADHD and OCD and might possibly point to
different neural abnormalities in both disorders. 相似文献
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Yip MJ 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2006,10(10):442-446
Human language draws on a complex set of cognitive, motor and auditory skills. Some of these are found in other species but others are thought to be absent. There has been a burst of research in this area over the past five years, both in examining natural communication systems and also in the laboratory, exposing animals to human language. Most of the work has focused on analogies to syntax. Although many of the fundamental building blocks for basic phonological skills might be found outside humans, most aspects of core phonology have never been investigated. 相似文献
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A new chronometric procedure, the Implicit Association Procedure (IAP), was adapted to assess the implicit personality self-concept of shyness. A sample of 300 participants completed a shyness-inducing role play and, before or after the role play, a shyness IAP, a shyness Implicit Association Test (IAT), and direct self-ratings. The experimental group was instructed to fake nonshyness. The control group did not receive this instruction. IAT and IAP were unaffected by position effects, and were less susceptible to faking than direct self-ratings with regard to mean levels and correlates. Under faking, correlations between direct and indirect measures decreased, and direct but not indirect measures showed higher correlations with social desirability and lower correlations with observed shyness. Despite many similarities, the true correlation between IAT and IAP was estimated only .61, indicating high method-specific variance in both procedures. The findings suggest that indirect measures are more robust against faking than traditional self-ratings but do not yet meet psychometric criteria for practical assessment purposes. 相似文献
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Vijayachandra Ramachandra Bryna Rickenbach Marissa Ruda Bethanie LeCureux Moira Pope 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(3):213-224
Several research studies suggest the significant role played by metamemory in lexical abilities of both adults and children.
To our knowledge, there have been no studies to date that have explored the role of metamemory (Judgments of Learning) in
fast mapping of novel words by adults. One hundred and twelve undergraduate students were given tasks of fast mapping and
judgments of learning. A one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed that participants who performed well on fast mapping
had superior global and item-by-item absolute prediction scores compared to poor performers. However, the good and poor performers
did not significantly differ in their item-by-item relative predictive accuracy (Goodman–Kruskal gamma correlations) in the
immediate as well as the delayed judgments of learning conditions. The possible reasons for inferior gamma correlations, the
methodological issues for future research and the clinical implications for the assessment and treatment of adults with lexical
deficits are discussed. 相似文献
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Michelangelo Vianello Konrad Schnabel N. Sriram Brian Nosek 《Personality and individual differences》2013
This article investigates gender differences in implicit and explicit measures of the Big Five traits of personality. In a high-powered study (N = 14,348), we replicated previous research showing that women report higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. For implicit measures, gender differences were much smaller for all, and opposite in sign for Extraversion. Somewhat higher levels of implicit Neuroticism and Agreeableness were observed in women, and somewhat higher levels of implicit Extraversion and Openness were observed in men. There was no gender difference in implicit Conscientiousness. A possible explanation is that explicit self-concepts partly reflect social norms and self-expectations about gender roles, while implicit self-concepts may mostly reflect self-related experiences. 相似文献
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Harry T. Reis Margaret S. Clark Denis J. Pereira Gray Fen-Fang Tsai Judith B. Brown Moira Stewart 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(4):339-348
This article reports results from a three-country study of patient perceptions of physician responsiveness. Based on existing research in the medical and social-psychological literatures, we theorized that patients' perceptions of physician responsiveness to their needs would be an important component of the patient–physician relationship and that this construct could be distinguished reliably from more global assessments of patient satisfaction. We then developed a new measure designed to assess these perceptions from the patients' point of view. This measure was administered to large samples of patients in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Results supported our hypotheses. Patient perception of physician responsiveness significantly predicted both patient satisfaction and subjective health-related problems, over and above effects attributable to general satisfaction. We also noted the absence of significant differences across the three cultures or sex, suggesting that the process we identify has considerable generality. We also describe a short version of our measure that researchers may find useful in a variety of research or clinical settings. 相似文献
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