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Pacing style reflects how individuals distribute their effort over time in working toward deadlines. As a new construct introduced in 2002, the notion of pacing style has intuitive appeal, but has been under‐researched, in part, due to a measurement need. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to improve the conceptualisation of pacing style and to develop and validate a new scale‐based measure. The result was the nine‐item Pacing Action Categories of Effort Distribution (PACED), consisting of deadline (complete work in a short time period just before the due date), steady (spread task activities evenly over time), and U‐shaped (invest most of the effort at the start and finish of a task, with a break in between) action styles. Across eight independent samples of students, faculty, and organisational employees, we examined the dimensionality, internal consistency, stability (temporal and situational), and validity (construct, convergent, discriminant, predictive) of PACED. Results support the use of PACED as a reliable and valid measure, and we discuss several research avenues that would benefit from incorporating the concept of pacing style. 相似文献
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Thomas J. Zagenczyk Kevin S. Cruz Angela M. Woodard J. Craig Walker W. Timothy Few Kohyar Kiazad Mohammed Raja 《Journal of business and psychology》2013,28(3):287-299
Purpose
We explore whether Machiavellianism—a personality trait which describes the extent to which individuals ignore values and ethical considerations when the ends justify the means—will influence their responses to their employing organizations’ failure to fulfil promised obligations (psychological contracts). Specifically, we draw on psychological contracts theory and the group value model to argue that Machiavellianism will moderate the relationships between psychological contract breach and (1) organizational identification; and (2) organizational disidentification.Design/Methodology/Approach
We tested our hypotheses in a study of 262 employees from various organizations at two points in time.Findings
We found that psychological contract breach was negatively related to organizational identification and positively related to organizational disidentification. Furthermore, employees with higher levels of Machiavellianism tended to disidentify with their organizations to a greater extent (at Time 2) in response to psychological contract breach (at Time 1) than did employees with low levels of Machiavellianism. Machiavellianism did not moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational identification.Implications
Our study contributes to extant research exploring the importance of Machiavellianism in the workplace. Specifically, we show that employees with high levels of Machiavellianism are more likely to disidentify in response to psychological contract breach but do not tend to identify to a lesser degree.Originality/Value
This study builds on the extant research exploring individual differences in the psychological contract dynamics by considering Machiavellianism as a moderator of the breach–outcome relationship. 相似文献13.
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by Mohammed Ghaly 《Zygon》2010,45(1):7-35
In the wake of the February 1997 announcement that Dolly the sheep had been cloned, Muslim religious scholars together with Muslim scientists held two conferences to discuss cloning from an Islamic perspective. They were organized by two influential Islamic international religioscientific institutions: the Islamic Organization of Medical Sciences (IOMS) and the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). Both institutions comprise a large number of prominent religious scholars and well-known scientists who participated in the discussions at the conferences. This article gives a comprehensive analysis of these conferences, the relation between science and religion as reflected in the discussions there, and the further influence of these discussions on Muslims living in the West. Modern discussions on Islamic bioethics show that formulating an Islamic perspective on these issues is not the exclusive prerogative of religious scholars. Formulating such perspectives has become a collective process in which scientists play an essential role. Such a collective approach strengthens the religious authority of Muslim scholars and makes it more influential rather than undermining it. 相似文献
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Dima Mohammed 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):377-393
This paper aims at creating an adequate theoretical basis for a systematic integration of institutional insights into the
pragma-dialectical analysis of argumentative exchanges that occur in institutionalised contexts. The argumentative practice
of Prime Minister’s Question Time in the British House of Commons is examined, as a case in point, in order to illustrate
how the knowledge of the characteristics of an institution, its rules and conventions can be integrated into the pragma-dialectical
analysis. The paper highlights the role that theoretical concepts and tools such as strategic manoeuvring, argumentative activity
types and dialectical profiles play in this integration.
相似文献
Dima MohammedEmail: |
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The Assumption of Proportional Components when Candecomp is Applied to Symmetric Matrices in the Context of Indscal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of Candecomp to fit scalar products in the context of INDSCAL is based on the assumption that the symmetry of the
data matrices involved causes the component matrices to be equal when Candecomp converges. Ten Berge and Kiers gave examples
where this assumption is violated for Gramian data matrices. These examples are believed to be local minima. It is now shown
that, in the single-component case, the assumption can only be violated at saddle points. Chances of Candecomp converging
to a saddle point are small but still nonzero. 相似文献
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Journal of Religion and Health - The upper echelons theory states that organizational engagements may replicate the experiences, personalities and values of dominant players within a firm. Based on... 相似文献
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Mohammed A. Muqtedar Khan 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》1997,8(2):177-192
This article explores the ethical traditions of Islam in order to examine its potential as a source that would help precipitate ethical and peaceful, as opposed to political and conflictual, relations between nations, faiths, and cultural groups. While using philosophical and ethical categories borrowed from the Western epistemes, this paper in a way reintroduces Islam as an ethical tradition. Given the significance that Islamic sentiments and Islamic symbolism have for a billion people and over fifty nation states, this paper recommends the inclusion of Islamic traditions in discourses whose concern is the proliferation of ethical consideration in international and intercultural relations. Having said that, the paper proceeds to elaborate foundations for an Islamic ethic of international relations. 相似文献