Students’ Perceptions of Academic and Business Dishonesty: Australian Evidence

Publicly available information indicates that the collapse of the high-profile corporations during the recent past were due to the unethical actions of a number of major players, including high level managers in those corporations. These examples of the ethical misdeeds of corporate actors have influenced accounting professional bodies and academic institutions around the globe to revisit the issue of ethical training of business and accounting students—the corporate managers of tomorrow. However, little is known about the ethical perceptions of business and accounting students, and business academics are finding it challenging to develop and promote ethics-based accounting and business curricula. This study addresses the research gap. It explores the ethical perceptions of accounting and business students in two Australian universities using three paradigms, that is, whether there are differences between regional and metropolitan, male and female, older and younger accounting students with respect to their ethical perceptions. Empirical evidence provided in this study suggests that while there are no differences in ethical perceptions of the regional and metropolitan accounting and business students, female and older students are found to be more ethical compared to male and younger students.     

夫妻生活事件、归因方式及其与婚姻冲突的关系

探讨夫妻生活事件、归因方式及其与婚姻冲突的关系。采用方便取样,选取辽阳市已婚完整家庭1～10年的夫妻620对进行调查。结果表明:夫妻报告的前三项冲突领域是家务琐事、不良习惯和交流解决问题方面;妻子和丈夫报告的生活事件解释了婚姻冲突15.4%和11.9%的变异,归因解释了28.7%和24.7%的变异;归因在夫妻报告的生活事件和婚姻冲突中起部分中介作用。     

Health-Related Quality of Life in Iranian Breast Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study

Women play the most important role in Iranian families. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to efforts to maintain and promote their health. The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have significant physical and psycho-social impacts on patients, families and friends. This qualitative study was designed to analyze the role of several social and cultural factors and their relationship to health-related quality of life among Iranian breast cancer survivors. In-depth semi-structured and unstructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 39 breast cancer survivors. The results of the present study revealed that most prevalent physical problems that were reported by Iranian breast cancer survivors were fatigue, pain and lymphedema related to the adverse effects of mastectomy. We found that most participants have a strong sense of spirituality and used this as a source of psychological support to help them accept their disease. Spirituality has been found to be a strong source of psychological support among Iranian breast cancer survivors. Religious faith has provided this community the strength and motivation to seek medical treatment and to be patient and relax. These findings can help researchers to provide a framework for the development of appropriate and effective culturally sensitive health interventions.     

Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the feminist,social and ecological explanations for its causation

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem that affects populations around the world regardless of their culture, religion, and other demographic characteristics. In the last 100 years, many theories have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of IPV. Much research has been conducted using these theories as a guiding or underlying framework. However, it is difficult to find a single account that provides a succinct and up-to-date overview of these theories. As a result, a considerable effort is required to identify and retrieve relevant papers to understand the various theories, which attempt to explain IPV. This article attempts to provide a succinct and up-to-date integrative review of the feminist, social learning, and ecological explanations of IPV. These perspectives have been critically evaluated in the light of the available literature and an effort has been made to discuss the strengths and limitations of each perspective in shedding light on the causation of IPV.     

Socioeconomic status,perceived parental control,and authoritarianism: Development of authoritarianism in Iranian society

The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status, parental control, and authoritarianism in Iran. A sample of 460 students was surveyed from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in Iran. Results demonstrated that subjective socioeconomic status, parental control, and parents' education have significant influence on authoritarianism. Further analysis showed that parental control partially mediates parents' education association with authoritarianism with a relatively high effect size. These findings highlight the importance of parental control and socioeconomic status in the development of authoritarianism in Iran. Furthermore, the higher authoritarianism of low socioeconomic status is mostly due to lower education levels rather than the income of the family. The findings were discussed with regards to literature as well as the socio‐cultural sphere of Iran.     

A little bit transparent with one another: Constructing vulnerability in the evangelical discourse of women preachers

Using four categories of Brown’s shame resilience theory (SRT), this paper analyses two similar online videos by prominent American evangelical female preachers: Joyce Meyer and Beth Moore. As each unpacks her survivor’s story of childhood sexual abuse, SRT (and its components of vulnerability, critical awareness, reaching out and speaking shame) can provide a matrix for interpreting the narrative in which each preacher frames her self-disclosure.     

The clocks that time us are not the same: A theory of temporal diversity,task characteristics,and performance in teams

Temporal individual differences are an under-explored, but research-worthy form of diversity in teams. Although persistent differences in how members think about and value time can profoundly influence team performance, the compositional impact of time-based individual differences is regularly overlooked. Optimal or suboptimal team performance can result because the composition of time-based individual differences is matched or unmatched (respectively) to task demands. Therefore, we offer a detailed presentation of how the configuration of four time-based individual differences (time urgency, time perspective, polychronicity, and pacing style) interact with two task typologies (task type and task complexity) to specify when elevation (mean) and diversity (dispersion) of temporal differences is helpful or harmful to team performance.     

Pulsed electrodeposition of soft magnetic CoNiFe films under centrifugal forces

A new technique, pulsed electrodeposition under a centrifugal force, is introduced for the preparation of soft magnetic CoNiFe films. The films have enhanced properties such as a high B _s (magnetic saturation) and a low H _c (coercivity), which are desirable for soft magnetic materials. They are also smoother than films deposited under non-pulsed conditions. It is suggested that the technique could be used to prepare various other materials with desirable properties.     

Neuroprotective Effects of Testosterone on Regenerating Spinal Cord Motoneurons in Rats

Degeneration in the CNS and peripheral nervous system consists of degradation and phagocytosis of axons and their myelin sheath distal to the site of injury. Testosterone is a gonadal sex steroid hormone that plays an important role in CNS development. One of the lesser-known testosterone actions is neuroprotection. In the present study, the authors investigated the neuroprotectective effect of intracerebral ventricular injection of testosterone on the number of spinal motoneurons after sciatic nerve crush. In all, 32 male Wistar rats were divided to 4 groups (control, compression, compression + castration, compression + testosterone injections; n = 8). Four weeks after compression the lumber segments of spinal cord were sampled, processed, sectioned serially, and stained with toluidine blue (pH = 4.65) by using steriological quantitative technique (physical dissector), the number of alpha motoneurons in the right ventral horns of spinal cord were counted and compared between groups. Statistical analyses showed that testosterone injections (1μl icv, 4 times, 1 week interval between injections) significantly (p < .05) reduced neuronal damage. These results indicated that testosterone has an obvious neuroprotective effect on lumbar spinal motoneurons.     

Learning to cooperate without awareness in multiplayer minimal social situations

Experimental and Monte Carlo methods were used to test theoretical predictions about adaptive learning of cooperative responses without awareness in minimal social situations—games in which the payoffs to players depend not on their own actions but exclusively on the actions of other group members. In Experiment 1, learning occurred slowly over 200 rounds in a dyadic minimal social situation but not in multiplayer groups. In Experiments 2–4, learning occurred rarely in multiplayer groups, even when players were informed that they were interacting strategically and were allowed to communicate with one another but were not aware of the game’s payoff structure. Monte Carlo simulation suggested that players approach minimal social situations using a noisy version of the win–stay, lose–shift decision rule, deviating from the deterministic rule less frequently after rewarding than unrewarding rounds.