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161.
Recovery from acute aphasia after closed head injury was studied in 21 young adults at least 6 months after injury. Three profiles of scores were found using standardized language tests. Persistent expressive and receptive impairment was present in 6 patients who sustained severe diffuse brain injury resulting in global cognitive deficit. Residual expressive impairment, primarily of naming, was associated with mild diffuse brain injury though focal left-hemisphere injury was present in 3 of 6 cases. Patients who recovered to normal levels on all language tests generally had acute neurologic findings consistent with mild diffuse brain injury. Cranial computed tomography at the time of followup frequently disclosed ventricular enlargement.  相似文献   
162.

This study examines the relationship between religiosity and level of happiness in an Islamic context among Muslim students studying at Malaysian universities. The determinants of happiness included in this research are positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. Religiosity has long been considered as the main determinant in increasing happiness, and educational level strengthens its relationship. For this purpose, the researchers sampled 230 Muslim students aged 17–40 years studying at Malaysian universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study found a positive and significant correlation between religious commitment and level of happiness. Religious commitment also shows positive and significant correlations with positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. The study also concludes that educational attainment moderates the relationship between religious commitment and happiness. Thus, religious commitment plays a very important role in increasing levels of happiness.

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164.
Consanguineous marriage is a common practice in Iran. The present study surveyed the trend in consanguineous marriage across three generations of Iranians. Index cases, consisting of 400 individuals attending the diabetes and osteoporosis clinic in Shariati Hospital, were interviewed. Data on consanguinity status for 1789 marriages within the index cases’ families were obtained. Generation 1 consisted of marriages contracted before 1948, Generation 2 consisted of marriages contracted between 1949 and 1978, and Generation 3 consisted of marriages contracted after 1979. Prevalence of consanguineous marriage within these three generations was 8.8%, 16.6% and 19%, respectively, and represented a significant trend (p < 0.001). First cousin marriage was the most common type of consanguinity (69%). Socioeconomic level of families was not significantly related to having a consanguineous marriage. These data suggest that premarital genetic counseling and mass media efforts are needed to increase public awareness about genetic risks associated with consanguineous marriage.  相似文献   
165.
The spread of endemic school violence in the United States from urban black, Hispanic, and other minority areas to white suburbia and smaller communities has alarmed the nation. Contrary to common belief, the incidence of school violence has been fairly stable except in the areas of violence against females and gang membership. The culture of violence and easy availability of guns is a major contributing factor. The relationship between school violence, suicidality and psychiatric disorders, specifically depressive disorders, conduct disorder, and alcohol and drug abuse are discussed within the framework of the psychological autopsy of suicide in children and adolescents. There are striking similarities between acts of school violence and suicidality. Specific guidelines are provided regarding clinical assessment of potentially violent youth with emphasis on exploration of attachment behavior in various developmental stages.  相似文献   
166.
This article engages in a conceptual analysis and discussion of the definition of euthanasia, including a number of inherent distinctions, together with a concomitant examination of various value perspectives that are applied to the way the idea of ‘life’ itself is understood, especially the notion of autonomy. Among a number of considerations, the pro-life and pro-choice controversy and its relevance cannot be ignored in the context of a comprehensive discussion of the issue from a Shicite point of view. An attempt is made to show that euthanasia is a sophisticated normative subject with different aspects and categories. An outright normative refutation of the act by many Muslim writers and jurists seems to be a kind of oversimplification of this multi-faceted issue.  相似文献   
167.
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale for 587 undergraduate students (349 women and 238 men) at the University of Tehran. All participants were asked to complete the Farsi version of the TAS-20, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Mental Health Inventory. Findings supported the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and three-factor structure of the Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The factors found in the Farsi version of this scale are similar to the three factors found previously and were accordingly labeled as Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Difficulty Describing Feelings, and Externally Oriented Thinking. The results provide evidence for applicability of the TAS-20 and its cross-cultural validity.  相似文献   
168.
A comparison of scores on locus of control by three groups of children in intact families (n=676), parent loss through death (n=30), and parent loss through divorce (n = 20) showed that children from divorced families scored significantly more external than children from intact families. The results are considered in relation to previous studies and some educational implications noted.  相似文献   
169.
Journal of Religion and Health - In end-of-life situation, the need for patient’s preference comes into the picture with the intention of guiding physicians in the direction of patient care....  相似文献   
170.
    
Iranian clinical psychologists have devised family therapy methods that use cognitive behavior models that fit with their collectivist Islamic culture. The authors review Islamic‐based strategies and describe family therapy with a culturally specific case of childhood obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Family therapy, adapted to integrated, religious‐based cognitive behavior therapy seems appropriate for clients who are served in Iran. Los psicólogos clínicos iraníes han ideado métodos de terapia de familia que emplean modelos cognitivo‐conductuales que se ajustan a su cultura colectivista islámica. Los autores examinan estrategias basadas en el Islam y describen la terapia de familia con un caso culturalmente específico de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en la niñez. La terapia de familia, adaptada a una terapia integrada cognitivo‐conductual basada en la religión, parece apropiada para clientes tratados en Irán.  相似文献   
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