On the Origin of Concept of “Intersectionality” in Criminology: The Civil Rights Movement and the Rise of “Scholarship of Confrontation”

ABSTRACT

“Intersectionality” has been a key theory in feminist criminology. However, its origin remains disputed. Some have argued it was produced by black feminists in the 1980s. Others have said it was produced by black women in nineteenth-century. The argument of this paper is that it emerged in the 1960s and became popular in the 1970s. It will demonstrate that the key causes of its emergence were the increasing popular concern with the socioeconomic plight of blacks in those decades, and blacks’ discontent with the American academia and their rejection of mainstream theories that were used to explain their socioeconomic plight     

Explanations of Blacks’ Criminality in America: 1630s-1950s

ABSTRACT

Criminological research about blacks’ criminality proliferated during the 1960s. Since then, a great body of knowledge about them has been produced that has attributed their criminality to various causes. However, prior to that date, such knowledge was scarce. What were the explanations of blacks’ criminality before that (roughly between 1630s-1950s)? I argue that during this period five successive explanations of their criminality emerged: popular, religious, speculative, pseudoscientific, and scientific. This mainly had to do with the gradual transformation of America from an agricultural-rural-communal-religious society to an industrial-urban-individualistic-scientific one.     

Islamic Considerations on the Application of Patient’s Autonomy in End-of-Life Decision

Journal of Religion and Health - In end-of-life situation, the need for patient’s preference comes into the picture with the intention of guiding physicians in the direction of patient care....