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241.
A comparison of scores on locus of control by three groups of children in intact families (n=676), parent loss through death (n=30), and parent loss through divorce (n = 20) showed that children from divorced families scored significantly more external than children from intact families. The results are considered in relation to previous studies and some educational implications noted. 相似文献
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243.
Mona Cheraghi Mohammad A. Mazaheri Fereshteh Motabi Leili Panaghi Mansoureh S. Sadeghi 《Family process》2019,58(4):936-953
In‐laws can play a significant role in the success or failure of marriages around the world. In the Middle East, recent quantitative research indicates that having trouble with in‐laws is a major predictor of divorce in Iran. To explore this further, we undertook a qualitative (grounded theory) analysis of in‐depth interviews with 17 Iranian daughters‐in‐law, five sons‐in‐law, three mothers‐in‐law, three fathers‐in‐law, and three expert family clinicians. Emergent concepts, themes, and coding categories were consistent with a Family Triad Model (FTM) of successful marital and in‐law relationships, wherein each spouse must (a) form we‐ness with their partner, (b) establish flexible boundaries between themselves and their families of origin, and (c) join their in‐laws. A higher‐order core category suggested that optimal couple and family functioning depends on the coherence or balance of these functions across the triadic role components of spouse, child‐in‐law, and family‐in‐law (or family‐of‐origin). In the changing cultural context of Iran, where blood relations have traditionally held primacy over marital relations, such triadic coherence appears crucial to marital success, at least from the perspective of many women. Our FTM results also highlight the importance of taking in‐laws into account when planning educational, preventative, or clinical interventions. 相似文献
244.
Malek Mohammad Mustaqim Abdul Rahman Noor Naemah Hasan Mohd Shahnaz Haji Abdullah Luqman 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1524-1537
Journal of Religion and Health - In end-of-life situation, the need for patient’s preference comes into the picture with the intention of guiding physicians in the direction of patient care.... 相似文献
245.
Activation of midbrain structures by associative novelty and the formation of explicit memory in humans 下载免费PDF全文
Schott BH Sellner DB Lauer CJ Habib R Frey JU Guderian S Heinze HJ Düzel E 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(4):383-387
Recent evidence suggests a close functional relationship between memory formation in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neuromodulation originating in the ventral tegmental area and medial substantia nigra of the midbrain. Here we report midbrain activation in two functional MRI studies of visual memory in healthy young adults. In the first study, participants distinguished between familiar and novel configurations of pairs of items which had been studied together by either learning the location or the identity of the items. In the second study, participants studied words by either rating the words' pleasantness or counting syllables. The ventral tegmental area and medial substantia nigra showed increased activation by associative novelty (first study) and subsequent free recall performance (second study). In both studies, this activation accompanied hippocampal activation, but was unaffected by the study task. Thus midbrain regions seem to participate selectively in hippocampus-dependent processes of associative novelty and explicit memory formation, but appear to be unaffected by other task-relevant aspects. 相似文献
246.
Previous research on Rational Emotive Theory using western samples has shown that irrational belief systems are associated with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. In a replication of this work the present study was conducted to compare the scores of 29 clinically depressed, 31 clinically anxious, and 34 normal controls on the Irrational Beliefs Test in an Iranian sample. Consistent with Ellis's theory, depressed and anxious patients scored higher than the controls on scores for the full scale and all 10 subscales of the Irrational Beliefs Test. Also, the two patient groups differed significantly in their endorsement of 2 out of 10 irrational belief subscales but not in overall score on irrational beliefs. Results were interpreted in light of previous literature. 相似文献
247.
This study was designed to assess the effects of religion and two types of religious internalization on the mental health of Iranian adolescents. High school students (82 Moslem and 37 Christian) were selected randomly from four high schools in Shiraz and completed the Religious Self-regulation Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. Analysis showed that main effects of types of religious internalization measured on four subscales of the General Health Questionnaire were significant. Religion was significantly associated only with somatic symptoms. For other scales no main effects of religion, types of religious internalization, or their interactions were significant. 相似文献
248.
Taghavi MR 《Psychological reports》2006,99(3):709-716
Previous research showed concurrent validity for the Depression Self-rating Scale for Iranian adolescents, so the present purpose was to evaluate construct validity. The scale was distributed to 2012 school students in Grades 5 to 10. Factor analysis using varimax rotation yielded four factors interpretable as depressed mood, hopelessness, lack of pleasurable activities, and physiological symptoms. These factors accounted for 44% of the variance and provide some support for construct validity of the scale in Iranian adolescents. 相似文献
249.
Khayyer M 《Psychological reports》2003,93(1):288-290
A comparison of scores on locus of control by two groups of children, 89 who had experienced parental physical punishment and 174 who had not experienced parental physical punishment, showed that children with experience of physical punishment scored significantly more external than children who had not experienced physical punishment. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies, and some educational implications noted. 相似文献
250.
Visual adaptation has been successfully used as a psychophysical tool for studying the functional organisation of visual awareness. It has been shown that orientation-selective adaptation to a grating pattern occurs in crowded conditions. In such conditions, simultaneous presentation of flanking distractors pushes the target stimulus out of conscious perception and severely impairs orientation discrimination in the periphery of the visual field. In the present study, orientation-selective adaptation to illusory lines induced by two line gratings abutting each other with a phase shift was examined in crowded and non-crowded conditions. To rule out the effects of lower level adaptations we used an animation paradigm in which the orientations of the two line gratings were altered repeatedly during adaptation phase without any change in the orientation of the resulting illusory line. Although performance of subjects in reporting the orientation of crowded illusory lines was at chance level, orientation-selective adaptation was preserved for crowded as well as non-crowded adapting targets. Two control experiments demonstrated that adaptation to endpoints of real lines at the location of abutting grating lines had minimal effect on the adaptation to illusory lines; and changes in the configuration of endpoints could not be responsible for better performance when adapting and test stimuli were different. We conclude that a crowding effect occurs after illusory lines have been processed in the visual stream. Since illusory lines seem to be represented at relatively early stages of visual processing (e.g. area V2), adaptation to crowded illusory stimuli suggests that neuronal activation in those early stages is not necessarily correlated with conscious perception. 相似文献