排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Guillaume Hervet Katherine Guérard Sébastien Tremblay Mohamed Saber Chtourou 《Applied cognitive psychology》2011,25(5):708-716
Over the last decade or so, the Internet has become a privileged media for advertisement. Despite this increase in popularity, several studies suggested that Internet users ‘avoid’ looking at ads (what is often referred to as the banner blindness phenomena). This conclusion, however, rests mostly on indirect evidence that participants do not remember the ad content. Therefore, it is unclear whether participants actually fixated the ads and how their gaze behaviour is related to memory for the ad. In the present study, we investigated whether Internet users avoid looking at ads inserted on a non‐search website using an analysis of eye movements, and if the ad content is kept in memory. Our results show that most participants fixate the ads at least once during their website visit. Moreover, even though the congruency between the ad and the editorial content had no effect on fixation duration on the ad, congruent ads were better memorised than incongruent ads. This study provides a novel and systematic method for assessing the processing and retention of advertisements during a website visit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
This study examined moderating effects of age on longitudinal associations among quality of life (QOL) and its demographic (e.g., age), clinical [e.g., prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level], and affective and cognitive predictors (i.e., distress, worries about recurrence, decisional regret, subjective life expectancy) in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation (N = 391). Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed at diagnosis, affective and cognitive variables at 6 months after diagnosis, and QOL at 12 months after diagnosis. Multiple-group analyses showed that among younger patients (< or =68 years old, n = 199), lower levels of decisional regret were associated with better functional QOL, and lower Gleason scores and PSA levels were associated with lower levels of distress and longer expected survival time, respectively. Being employed was related to higher levels of functional QOL and frequent worries about recurrence. Among older patients (>68 years old, n = 192), lower levels of distress were associated with higher levels of functional QOL, and longer expected survival time was associated with better functional and physical QOL. 相似文献
23.
Several visuo-motor tasks can be used to demonstrate biases towards left hemispace in schizophrenic patients, suggesting a minor right hemineglect. Recent studies in neglect patients used a new number bisection task to highlight a lateralized defect in their visuo-spatial representation of numbers. To test a possible lateralized representational deficit in schizophrenia, we used the number bisection task in 11 schizophrenic patients compared to 11 healthy controls. Participants were required to orally indicate the central number of an interval orally presented. Whereas healthy subjects showed no significant bias, schizophrenic patients presented a significant leftward bias. Therefore, these results suggest an impairment in higher order representations of the number space in patients with schizophrenia, an impairment that is qualitatively similar to the deficit described in neglect patients. 相似文献
24.
Joseph L Verheijde Mohamed Y Rady Joan McGregor 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2009,4(1):15-8
Organ donation after cessation of circulation and respiration, both controlled and uncontrolled, has been proposed by the
Institute of Medicine as a way to increase opportunities for organ procurement. Despite claims to the contrary, both forms
of controlled and uncontrolled donation after cardiac death raise significant ethical and legal issues. Identified causes
for concern include absence of agreement on criteria for the declaration of death, nonexistence of universal guidelines for
duration before stopping resuscitation efforts and techniques, and assumption of presumed intent to donate for the purpose
of initiating temporary organ-preservation interventions when no expressed consent to donate is present. From a legal point
of view, not having scientifically valid criteria of cessation of circulation and respiration for declaring death could lead
to a conclusion that organ procurement itself is the proximate cause of death. Although the revised Uniform Anatomical Gift
Act of 2006 provides broad immunity to those involved in organ-procurement activities, courts have yet to provide an opinion
on whether persons can be held liable for injuries arising from the determination of death itself. Preserving organs in uncontrolled
donation after cardiac death requires the administration of life-support systems such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
These life-support systems can lead to return of signs of life that, in turn, have to be deliberately suppressed by the administration
of pharmacological agents. Finally, allowing temporary organ-preservation interventions without expressed consent is inherently
a violation of the principle of respect for a person's autonomy. Proponents of organ donation from uncontrolled donation after
cardiac death, on the other hand, claim that these nonconsensual interventions enhance respect for autonomy by allowing people,
through surrogate decision making, to execute their right to donate organs. However, the lack of transparency and the absence
of protection of individual autonomy, for the sake of maximizing procurement opportunities, have placed the current organ-donation
system of opting-in in great jeopardy. Equally as important, current policies enabling and enhancing organ procurement practices,
pose challenges to the constitutional rights of individuals in a pluralistic society as these policies are founded on flawed
medical standards for declaring death. 相似文献
25.
Joseph L Verheijde Mohamed Y Rady Joan L McGregor 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2007,2(1):19
Advance health care directives and informed consent remain the cornerstones of patients' right to self-determination regarding
medical care and preferences at the end-of-life. However, the effectiveness and clinical applicability of advance health care
directives to decision-making on the use of life support systems at the end-of-life is questionable. The Uniform Anatomical
Gift Act (UAGA) has been revised in 2006 to permit the use of life support systems at or near death for the purpose of maximizing
procurement opportunities of organs medically suitable for transplantation. Some states have enacted the Revised UAGA (2006)
and a few of those have included amendments while attempting to preserve the uniformity of the revised Act. Other states have
introduced the Revised UAGA (2006) for legislation and remaining states are likely to follow soon. 相似文献
26.
Mohamed A. Amer 《Studia Logica》1989,48(2):169-177
For first order languages with no individual constants, empty structures and truth values (for sentences) in them are defined.
The first order theories of the empty structures and of all structures (the empty ones included) are axiomatized with modus
ponens as the only rule of inference. Compactness is proved and decidability is discussed. Furthermore, some well known theorems
of model theory are reconsidered under this new situation. Finally, a word is said on other approaches to the whole problem. 相似文献
27.
Joseph L. Verheijde Mohamed Y. Rady Michael Potts 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(5):1745-1763
The conception and the determination of brain death continue to raise scientific, legal, philosophical, and religious controversies. While both the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research in 1981 and the President’s Council on Bioethics in 2008 committed to a biological definition of death as the basis for the whole-brain death criteria, contemporary neuroscientific findings augment the concerns about the validity of this biological definition. Neuroscientific evidentiary findings, however, have not yet permeated discussions about brain death. These findings have critical relevance (scientifically, medically, legally, morally, and religiously) because they indicate that some core assumptions about brain death are demonstrably incorrect, while others lack sufficient evidential support. If behavioral unresponsiveness does not equate to unconsciousness, then the philosophical underpinning of the definition based on loss of capacity for consciousness as well as the criteria, and tests in brain death determination are incongruent with empirical evidence. Thus, the primary claim that brain death equates to biological death has then been de facto falsified. This conclusion has profound philosophical, religious, and legal implications that should compel respective authorities to (1) reassess the philosophical rationale for the definition of death, (2) initiate a critical reappraisal of the presumed alignment of brain death with the theological definition of death in Abrahamic faith traditions, and (3) enact new legislation ratifying religious exemption to death determination by neurologic criteria. 相似文献
28.
Radley JJ Kabbaj M Jacobson L Heydendael W Yehuda R Herman JP 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2011,14(5):481-497
This paper highlights a symposium on stress risk factors and stress susceptibility, presented at the Neurobiology of Stress workshop in Boulder, CO, in June 2010. This symposium addressed factors linking stress plasticity and reactivity to stress pathology in animal models and in humans. Dr. J. Radley discussed studies demonstrating prefrontal cortical neuroplasticity and prefrontal control of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function in rats, highlighting the emerging evidence of the critical role that this region plays in normal and pathological stress integration. Dr. M. Kabbaj summarized his studies of possible epigenetic mechanisms underlying behavioral differences in rat populations bred for differential stress reactivity. Dr. L. Jacobson described studies using a mouse model to explore the diverse actions of antidepressants in brain, suggesting mechanisms whereby antidepressants may be differentially effective in treating specific depression endophenotypes. Dr. R. Yehuda discussed the role of glucocorticoids in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), indicating that low cortisol level may be a trait that predisposes the individual to development of the disorder. Furthermore, she presented evidence indicating that traumatic events can have transgenerational impact on cortisol reactivity and development of PTSD symptoms. Together, the symposium highlighted emerging themes regarding the role of brain reorganization, individual differences, and epigenetics in determining stress plasticity and pathology. 相似文献
29.
Construct validity is the hallmark of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), which has generated a healthy stream of research of paramount importance in the USA and all over the world. This paper contends that scores on this scale provide valuable scientific knowledge on group norms. To expand the concept of death anxiety it is necessary to supplement empirical with qualitative research. Persons with the same scores may show qualitatively different fears of death, and vice versa. Total reliance on empirical scales may not disclose the depth of bipolar meaning in a "life-death anxiety." Templer's scale is a mixture of fears, phobias, and obsessions with thoughts of illness, cancer, heart disease, and wars. A bipolar "life-death anxiety" continuum requires phenomenology to reach beyond the 15 items to the process of "experiencing." The scale addresses "thoughts" about the death of others even though its items are cast in the first person singular. This provides group norms of a "cognitive-affective" construct, with limited generality cross-culturally. Means do not disclose fully meaningful comparisons between persons or cultures. Death Anxiety as an existential anticipatory mode of "being-in-the-world" is embedded in a personal/genetic/cultural matrix that may vary individually and culturally. 相似文献
30.
A total of 107 Malay primary school girls (8-9 yr. old) completed a set of measurements on eating behavior (ChEAT, food neophobia scales, and dieting experience), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, body shape satisfaction, dietary intake, weight, and height. About 38% of the girls scored 20 and more on the ChEAT, and 46% of them reported dieting by reducing sugar and sweets (73%), skipping meals (67%), reducing fat foods (60%) and snacks (53%) as the most frequent methods practiced. In general, those girls with higher ChEAT scores tended to have lower self-esteem (r=.39), indicating they were more unwilling to try new foods (food neophobic) (r=.29), chose a smaller figure for desired body size (r=-.25), and were more dissatisfied with their body size (r=.31). 相似文献