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211.
分类研究中的原型与样例观 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
该文具体分析了现代认知心理学对分类问题的主要看法,指出了当前分类研究范式存在的问题及今后进一步研究的主要方向。 相似文献
212.
神庙祭司是古代埃及祭司群体的一个重要组成部分,在古埃及的世俗社会和宗教领域内产生过重大影响.但学界对神庙祭司的内部组织结构却没有一个清晰的认识.本文通过对布列斯特德的<埃及古代文献>(5卷)、李希泰姆的<古代埃及文献>(3卷)和库明、戴维斯的<18王朝晚期埃及历史文献>(6册)等埃及古代铭文资料中有关神庙祭司资料的整合,从祭司衔号入手,对其构成和等级进行了全新的考察,从一个侧面反映出神庙祭司之于古埃及社会的重大影响. 相似文献
213.
探讨在双类别情境中,新项目与类别成员的关系对特征推理的影响.共包括两个实验,被试是62名大一年级学生.实验1与实验2分别探讨在有无类别标签的情况下,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征推理的影响,即探讨类别特征相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响.结果表明:无论有无类别标签,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征的推理影响是相同的,即相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响是相同的. 相似文献
214.
儿童问题解决中的类比迁移是儿童认知发展中的一个基本问题,但在儿童发展研究中却一直没有得到足够的重视。在对儿童问题解决中的类比迁移研究进行回顾和总结的基础上,特别是仔细分析最近十年里的类比迁移研究,该文总结出了儿童问题解决中类比迁移研究的发展趋势,主要包括从探讨迁移是否存在到验证迁移是一种早期能力、从关注迁移的年龄差异到关注促进迁移的有关因素、从关注迁移是否是基本能力到关注迁移的加工机制、从描述迁移技能到领域概化、从关注近迁移到关注远迁移。最后,该文对未来儿童问题解决中的类比迁移研究进行了展望 相似文献
215.
类别学习中的分类和推理 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
该文介绍了类别学习中的分类和推理两种任务,并从学习的条件、过程、结果和发展等方面的归纳了当前研究的最新进展。表明了类别的分类学习和推理学习有相同的形式,但学习的信息处理过程和学习的结果不同。分类学习关注类别间的区分性信息,更可能是样例学习结果;推理学习更为关注单个类别内部的共同性信息,更可能是原型学习结果。这方面的结论强化了基于解释的观点。 相似文献
216.
217.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate how linguistic information influences attention allocation in visual search and memory for words. In Experiment 1, participants searched for the synonym of a cue word among five words. The distractors included one antonym and three unrelated words. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to judge whether the five words presented on the screen comprise a valid sentence. The relationships among words were sentential, semantically related or unrelated. A memory recognition task followed. Results in both experiments showed that linguistically related words produced better memory performance. We also found that there were significant interactions between linguistic relation conditions and memorization on eye-movement measures, indicating that good memory for words relied on frequent and long fixations during search in the unrelated condition but to a much lesser extent in linguistically related conditions. We conclude that semantic and syntactic associations attenuate the link between overt attention allocation and subsequent memory performance, suggesting that linguistic relatedness can somewhat compensate for a relative lack of attention during word search. 相似文献
218.
Home environmental influences on children's language and reading skills in a genetically sensitive design: Are socioeconomic status and home literacy environment environmental mediators and moderators? 下载免费PDF全文
Bonnie Wing‐Yin Chow Connie Suk‐Han Ho Simpson W. L. Wong Mary M. Y. Waye Mo Zheng 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2017,58(6):519-529
This twin study examined how family socioeconomic status (SES) and home literacy environment (HLE) contributes to Chinese language and reading skills. It included 312 Chinese twin pairs aged 3 to 11. Children were individually administered tasks of Chinese word reading, receptive vocabulary and reading‐related cognitive skills, and nonverbal reasoning ability. Information on home environment was collected through parent‐reported questionnaires. Results showed that SES and HLE mediated shared environmental influences but did not moderate genetic influences on general language and reading abilities. Also, SES and HLE mediated shared environmental contributions to receptive vocabulary and syllable and rhyme awareness, but not orthographic skills. The findings of this study add to past twin studies that focused on alphabetic languages, suggesting that these links could be universal across languages. They also extend existing findings on SES and HLE's contributions to reading‐related cognitive skills. 相似文献
219.
The present study examined the relationship between resilience (measured using the Resilience Scale for Adults) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. We examined the subjective and cortisol responses of 28 healthy young men to an acute stressor (public speech task). Eight saliva samples were collected in order to obtain the response curve (anticipation, reactivity, recuperation) for each subject. ANOVA indicated that highly resilient individuals tended to display less mood deterioration than less resilient individuals (marginal p(time x group interaction) = 0.075). They also revealed that the former tended to secrete less cortisol overall than the latter during the experiment (marginal p(main group effect) = 0.087) but this effect was not uniform across time (p(time x group interaction) = 0.029). Additional analyses performed to identify the source of this interaction revealed that resilience moderates cortisol secretion in anticipation of the stressor (i.e. highly resilient individuals secreted less cortisol than less resilient ones, p = 0.05) but that it is not conductive to lower HPA reactivity amidst stress (i.e. there was no difference between groups in the increase in cortisol secretion from baseline to peak). The recovery slopes were likewise not statistically different. The implications of these findings regarding health are discussed. 相似文献
220.