近十年国外罗夏测验攻击变量研究综述

用罗夏测验测量攻击有助于了解个体的攻击性冲动 ,也有助于外显攻击行为的预测和控制。近十年国外文献中有关研究者主要有Holt、Exner、Gacono和Meloy。综述结果表明 ,他们提出的大多数攻击变量都有明确的定义 ,其实证研究也获得了一些支持。但也可以看到 ,目前的研究依然存在不少问题 :(1 )变量的定义有重复、内容有交叉 ;(2 )变量的分类标准不唯一 ;(3 )某些变量的使用和操作欠方便。因而 ,这些变量的定义、分类和使用都还有待于进一步研究支持。     

试论清代易学转型中的图学批判与汉学复萌

清初图学批判运动与乾嘉汉学复萌之间相隔数十年,两者在批判宋代以先天、河洛为代表的图书易学上秉持一致态度,但在对治《易》正途的理解上,前者认为当效法王弼、程颐之易学,以义理研习为务;而后者则高扬“汉学”大旗,力主恢复两汉象数易学的传统。因此,图学批判运动实与“汉学”无涉,清代易学中之“汉学”范畴理当适度缩减,将其起点延后至惠栋。“汉宋之争”说和“两派六宗”说分别将两汉象数易与宋代图书易、义理易与象数易相对立,然而两说均无法在二分法中合理安置象数易学、义理易学与图书易学的位次及关系。以象数、义理、图书三分,可以成为对历史上易学类型划分的修正方案。     

Effects of rater conscientiousness on evaluations of task and contextual performance of older and younger co-workers

The possibility for age discrimination and stereotypes to affect performance evaluations is rising. Although careful evaluations might be expected from conscientious raters, little is known about whether they might show more or less bias towards certain age groups. Therefore, in our study using a time-lagged design, we investigated the effects of rater conscientiousness on the performance evaluations of younger and older actual co-worker (N = 242). We found that raters who were more conscientious provided higher ratings for older workers than for younger workers on task performance and organizational citizenship behaviours. Specifically, we tested the model of mediated moderation, in which the relation between rater conscientiousness and ratee age predicts ratee-perceived conscientiousness, which in turn predicts performance ratings. The model was significant for older ratees, but not for younger ratees. We discuss our results in terms of the “similar to me” effects and implications for organizational practices.     

Affect Intensity and Risk Preference in Life-Saving Decisions

The current studies investigated the influence of affect intensity on risk preference in life-saving decisions. Results from 4 experiments found that people are more risk-seeking when affect intensity is higher. This effect occurs in both gain and loss framing conditions (Study 2 and Study 3) and is robust in both between-subject design (Studies 1–3) and within-subject design (Study 4). The effect holds for saving human lives (Study 1 and Study 4), as well as for saving animal lives (Study 2 and Study 3). The results generalize from laboratory hypothetical settings (Studies 1–3) to simulations of a fire emergency (Study 4). Finally, the results from American samples (Studies 1–3) are replicated using a Chinese sample (Study 4). In addition, Study 5 demonstrates that the manipulations used in these experiments have an effect on affect intensity while not influencing alternative explanatory variables. The effect size for risk preference rises and falls with the effect size for manipulations.     

文章标记量影响文章标记效应的实验研究

探讨文章阅读过程中文章标记量的多少对文章中不同类型的信号保持的影响。结果表明 ,在有标记的目标句上 ,少标记条件显著优于多标记条件和无标记条件 ,多标记条件与无标记条件之间无显著差异 ;在无标记的目标句上 ,无标记条件显著优于多标记条件和少标记条件 ,多标记条件与少标记条件之间无显著差异。这一结果支持在文章阅读过程中读者是微略性地运用文章标记的假设和交易效应的假设。     

材料模式与认知负荷对小学生类比学习的影响

探讨学习材料不同模式和学习过程不同的认知负荷对小学生类比推理学习迁移的影响.包括两个分实验.实验1探讨学习材料的不同组织模式对小学生类比推理学习迁移的影响,两组小学生分别学习模式化与非模式化的材料,然后完成迁移程度远近不同的四类测题.结果表明,非模式化条件下完成远迁移题目的成绩显著优于模式化条件下的成绩.实验2探讨小学生在不同认知负荷条件下类比推理学习的迁移效果,两组小学生分别在高认知负荷与低认知负荷情况下学习类比推理的材料,然后完成上述四类测题.结果表明,高认知负荷条件下完成远迁移题目的成绩显著优于低认知负荷条件下的成绩.本实验结果表明,对于小学生类比推理的学习来说,非模式化、高负荷的学习更有利于促进迁移,支持了积极反应理论.     

墨家的领导者心理素质思想

领导者心理素质是管理心理学研究的重要内容,先秦墨家的代表作《墨子》一书包含了丰富了领导者心理素质思想。该文拟从领导者的知识结构、道德品质、语言能力、工作态度、为人原则等方面对墨家的领导者心理素质思想作一整理和阐述,并分析其现代意义。     

Small-angle X-ray scattering study on the fractal structure of solid products of bituminous coal at different carbonization temperatures

Carbonization is one of the main methods for comprehensive utilization of bituminous coal. Bituminous coal and its solid products from carbonization, namely char and coke, have complex pore structures, which can be characterized by fractals. We performed a study on the fractal structure of the solid products prepared from the bituminous coal of Shuiyu mine in Shanxi Province, China, at different carbonization temperatures (25°C～1000°C) by synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results show that the bituminous coal has a surface fractal structure during the whole carbonization process. The variation of fractal dimension with carbonization temperature illustrates the different stages of the carbonization process.     

对象概念的具身认知能力模型构建

研究旨在从具身认知视角重新建构概念熟悉度、概念掌握度及名词具身性的定义和评价指标,探索了具体名词的具身性与概念掌握度的关系。借助Amsel等(2012)的调查结果和MRC心理语言学数据,采用逻辑演绎与回归分析结合的建模法构建了376个具体名词的具身性与概念掌握度的关系模型,提出了具身认知能力假设。结果表明,对象概念的在线加工过程呈现出一个较长的“停滞期”,反映了认知主体的具身认知潜势。