哲学对劳动价值理论研究的关注--兼与张华夏教授的价值主客观二重性的讨论

本文在张华夏教授关于一般价值概念的基础上,提出了价值概念不仅要重视价值客体属性的状态特征,也要关注它的过程特征,从而发展了一般价值概念的结构。经济学中,四种经济价值理论分布在一般价值概念结构的不同位置上,劳动价值理论处于核心位置。是硬核。传统经济理论的危机和人力资本理论的兴起,说明理论界对劳动价值理论这个硬核的研究还是很不够的,同时从我国理论界当前的研究成果来看,马克思的劳动价值理论还有进一步发展的巨大潜力。     

"生活世界"与"生活-世界"--一种中国哲学本体诠释的可能性

本文论述了胡塞尔现象学中作为科学奠基的“生活世界”概念,把它放在中国哲学的传统加以观照,试图对其进行一种新的本体诠释,由此拓展对“生活世界”的理解。     

形象度对图标内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响

记忆心理学领域大量研究证实了内隐记忆和外显记忆的ERP分离,且内隐记忆相比外显记忆在记忆容量、保持时间及稳定性上均有优势。实验记录了15名被试在内隐记忆任务与外显记忆任务中形象图标和抽象图标的行为及ERP数据。结果表明:内隐记忆中,形象图标的行为和300～500ms顶区差异波的启动量均显著高于抽象图标。外显记忆中,形象图标的外显记忆正确率显著高于抽象图标,而反应时无显著差异; 300～500ms额区的差异波,形象图标显著负向于抽象图标,而500～800ms顶区的晚成分差异波两者无显著差异。研究结果表明,形象图标在浅加工下进行无意识记忆具有明显的优势。形象图标与抽象图标在图形化界面语言的使用中一直存在争论,通过实验在行为指标与脑电生理指标上提供了量化证据。     

中国社会心理服务体系的建设构想

社会心理服务体系更准确的名称应是公共心理服务体系,其主要内容包括心理健康服务、社会心态培育、共同体认同建构这三大模块,其主要功能分别为预防和治疗心理疾病、提升全民族的心理健康水平,培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态,以及塑造中华民族的统一文化认同和人类命运共同体认同。今后应进一步明确社会心理服务的基本公共服务的定位,明确社会心理服务体系建设的责任主体,发展中国特色的健康心理学、社会心理学和文化心理学学科,培养社会心理服务亟需的科研与实务人才,创新社会心理服务的供给方式,联合政府、高校、社区和第三方部门等多元力量,建设能够符合中国国情的,专业化、多类型、多层次、可持续的社会心理服务体系。     

Psychological distress and resilience as risk and protective factors of psychoactive substance use among Chinese nonengaged youth

Nonengaged youth (NEY) are those who have neither been working nor studying for a prolonged period of time. They are at risk of psychoactive substance use, but relevant studies are scarce. Based on a population‐based telephone survey and referrals, we anonymously interviewed 479 Hong Kong Chinese NEY aged 15–24 years. Of them, 14.8–23.7% reported moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, one fourth of the participants (24.8%; n = 119) had used psychoactive substances. Adjusted analyses showed that these three psychological distress variables were positively associated with, while resilience was negatively associated with, both ever‐use of psychoactive substances and intention to use such substances in the next 12 months. Loneliness was associated only with intention to use psychoactive substances. The mediating role of psychological distress was shown: Anxiety significantly mediated the association between resilience and ever‐use of psychoactive substances, whereas depression mediated that between resilience and behavioural intention. Resilience was not a significant moderator on the relationship between psychological distress and ever‐use of psychoactive substance use or behavioural intention to use those substances. The findings suggest that anti‐drug interventions should outreach NEY and should include mental health support as well as building up resilience, as NEY are prone to psychological distress that increases risk of substance use.     

The role of mattering as an overlooked key challenge in retirement planning and adjustment

In an aging society, making a successful transition from work to retirement and achieving good quality of retirement adjustment become major concerns for individuals, organizations, and governments. This paper focuses on the particular role of mattering (i.e., individuals' perceptions that they make a difference in the world) as a critical self-concept dimension that may mediate the impact of social interactions on retirement process at two distinct phases. We conducted two studies using time lagged design (with one-year time interval) among older workers 55 years or older (N = 161; Study 1) and retirees (N = 186; Study 2). Study 1 found that mattering mediated the effects of social support at work on life satisfaction but not retirement planning. Study 2 found that mattering mediated the effects of general social support on positive affect but not life satisfaction. Contrary to our expectation, mattering also did not mediate effects of caregiving activities. Overall, our results suggest that mattering represents a critical mechanism that explains some of the positive associations between social support and retirement adjustment quality.     

Religion,Human Rights,and Neo‐liberalism in a Post‐Humanist Era

In a modern and secularized world, churches and religious groups that fight in the public sphere for social justice justify these actions in the name of defending human rights. This has been the path taken to express in non‐religious language what they understand to be a God‐given mission. Based on the distinction between civil rights, political rights, and social rights, which make up the set of human rights, this article analyzes the relationship between the notion of religious mission and the struggle for human rights; how neoliberal ideology, in an anti‐humanist perspective, criticizes the notion of social rights and social justice with the denial of any human right above the laws of the market; and the challenges that this neoliberal ideology poses for the justification of the social and political action of religious groups and institutions in the contemporary globalized world with a growing post/anti‐humanist culture.     

Why cannot reasons change your moral decisions? Because they are not persuasive enough: A comment on Stanley et al. (2018)

Stanley et al. (2018) found that the consideration of reasons rarely induced people to change their moral decisions. We challenged this article by assuming what caused such a null or weak effect was that the persuasiveness of reasons provided to oppose the initial decisions was not strong enough. To verify our assumption, this study used Stanley et al.’s (2018) experimental paradigm and manipulated the levels of persuasiveness of reasons. The results revealed (1) that not only strong opposing reasons but also weak affirming reasons could induce changes in moral decision-making and increase decision confidence after altering the decisions; (2) that people with a weak decision confidence tended to change their initial decisions after evaluation of reasons; and (3) that people who maintained their decisions after considering weak opposing reasons enhanced rather than reduced their decision confidence. Overall, these findings demonstrated that moral decision change was a composite outcome of the interaction among reason type, reason persuasiveness and initial decision confidence and that low-quality argumentation had a boomerang effect on moral persuasion. This study re-lifted the role of rational reasoning in moral decision-making and revising, thus posing important amendments to Stanley et al.’s (2018) findings.     

归类不确定时特征推理的单类说理论

人们不能完全确定某个事物应该归入哪个类别的情境,被称作“归类不确定的情境”。关于归类不确定情境中的特征推理,目前有两种理论解释：Anderson的理性模型和Murphy与Ross的“单类说”。理性模型认为,在归类不确定情境中,预测事物是否具有某个特征时,人们会考虑该事物可能属于的所有类别,既会考虑靶类别的信息,又会考虑非靶类别的信息。单类说则相反,认为在归类不确定情境下的特征推理,人们只会考虑靶类别的信息,而不考虑非靶类别的信息。该文重点介绍了单类说的发展进程,并对归类不确定情境中的特征推理进行了展望     

篇章阅读理解中背景信息的通达

该研究采用实时窗口阅读技术探讨篇章阅读理解中背景信息的通达机制。在该研究所用的阅读材料中,主人公特征与目标句行为分别形成一致、冲突与冲突限制三种关系,其中,冲突限制条件下既描述了主人公与目标行为有所冲突的特征,但这些特征要么是主人公过去具有的、要么是虚假的,在此基础上,阅读材料又提供了主人公当前的、与目标句行为一致的特征描述。结果发现,不论把冲突限制条件下的冲突信息限制在过去发生,还是作为一种虚假的情况来加以描述,都不能完全消除冲突的效应,冲突限制条件下目标句阅读时间总是长于一致条件下的阅读时间,这支持了记忆基础文本加工观,说明在篇章阅读中背景信息通达不是一个更新追随的过程,过去的或虚假的背景信息也会被重新激活并影响当前信息的加工。