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131.
文本阅读中协调性整合的条件 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
采用移动窗口阅读技术深入探讨文本阅读中协调性整合发生的条件。被试为华南师范大学一年级本科生。实验自变量是主人公特征与其目标句行为的关系,在实验一中有三个水平,一致、协调一致和恢复一致;在实验二中有两个水平,协调一致和恢复一致。实验一采用ANOVA对三种条件下目标句的阅读时间进行统计分析,结果表明,当前信息必须与先前的协调性信息有局部的不一致或不吻合是引发协调性整合的充分必要条件;实验二采用t检验分别对出现于不同位置的两个目标句的阅读时间进行统计分析,结果表明,协调性整合的结
果不仅维持了文本的连贯,而且将相关的信息建构成整体的信息块,文本阅读过程是一个包含流畅性阅读和以协调性整合为重要形式之一的整合性阅读的双加工过程。 相似文献
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The concept and the process of retirement are rapidly evolving. As a result, psychologists are in a unique position to understand and explain the dynamics behind the changing face of retirement. We begin this article with a brief overview of the history of retirement and then note the various definitions used when studying retirement. We then propose that taking a temporal view of studying retirement would be most advantageous for psychologists. Psychological conceptualizations of retirement are then discussed, and we link these conceptualizations to studying the changing nature of retirement. Finally, we conclude with some suggestions for future research in the area of retirement that would be particularly relevant for psychologists to consider. 相似文献
133.
Commuting stress process and self‐regulation at work: Moderating roles of daily task significance,family interference with work,and commuting means efficacy
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Le Zhou Mo Wang Chu‐Hsiang Chang Songqi Liu Yujie Zhan Junqi Shi 《Personnel Psychology》2017,70(4):891-922
Based on self‐regulation theories of stress processes, this study proposed a model to examine the within‐person mediation relationship between morning commuting stressors and self‐regulation at work via morning commuting strain. In addition, the study examined the moderating roles of daily task significance, daily family interference with work, and commuting means efficacy in this mediation model. Results from 45 bus commuters’ daily diary data over a period of 15 workdays indicated that the amount of morning commuting stressors experienced by the bus commuters was positively related to their morning commuting strain, which, in turn, had a negative impact on self‐regulation at work. At the within‐person level, daily task significance buffered the negative indirect relationship between morning commuting stressors and self‐regulation at work via morning commuting strain, whereas daily family interference with work in the morning exacerbated this negative indirect relationship. Further, at the between‐person level, commuting means efficacy buffered this negative indirect relationship such that the negative indirect effect was weaker for workers with higher (vs. lower) commuting means efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
134.
The main objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the between- and within-person association of physical (in)activity and satisfaction with life (SWL), and (2) to identify relevant top-down and bottom-up influences associated with daily well-being in menopausal women using a daily process approach. As part of a 21-day diary study, community-dwelling middle-aged women (N = 103; age range 40–60 years) wore an accelerometer for the objective assessment of physical activity and completed daily Internet surveys at the end of their day. Multilevel analyses indicated the between-person effects of physical activity on SWL were negligent but that on days when a woman was more physically active than her usual, she reported greater SWL (B = 12.01, p < .05). Sedentary behavior did not demonstrate a between- or within-person association with SWL. Women also experienced reduced SWL on days when greater symptom burden was reported (B = ?2.47, p < .05). Neuroticism also emerged as a top-down personality trait with a negative relation to SWL (B = ?1.47, p < .05). Higher levels of neuroticism predicted reduced daily life satisfaction particularly on days characterized by heightened symptom burden (B = ?0.26, p < .05). In this sample of midlife women, daily physical activity had a positive influence on SWL, whereas daily symptom burden and the personality trait of neuroticism had detrimental consequences on a woman’s daily well-being. 相似文献
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自我监控性作为性别助长效应的干涉变量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用双手调节器操作任务进一步验证“性别助长”假设。20个自我监控者与20个我行我素者(男女各半)分别按抵消顺序接受两种实验处理:男性观众和女性观众。结果表明,异性观众可以助长男性被试的操作速度,而削弱女性被试的操作速度;对于作业效绩也存在着同样的交互作用;自我监控性是性别助长效应的一个重要干涉变量,男自我监控者表现出明显的异性助长,女自我监控者表现出明显的异性抑制,而我行我素者没有表现出明显的观众效应。由于自我监控性对相应的异性效应有一种放大作用,可知性别助长效应的基础是以印象管理动机为主。 相似文献
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根据PETS考试的特点,结合计算机自适应序列测试(CAST)的优势,该研究提出并设计了PETS—CAST测试。为了检验PETS—CAST测试系统的性能,该研究利用PETS试题的真实难度参数和模拟的考生能力参数生成相应的原始得分矩阵,并根据路径规则实现适应性的模块选择。研究结果表明,PETS—CAST所设计的路径能够满足不同能力水平考生的要求,且各条路径的测量精度均能够达到CAST考试的要求。曝光率方面的研究则说明,PETS—CAST应该在设计题池时充分考虑试题模块在数量方面的配置。该模拟研究为PETS—CAST的具体实施在理论和实践层面做了一些有益的尝试。 相似文献
140.
该文采用“篇章阅读”实验范式探索了归纳推理中前提类别和结论类别间相似性、结论类别标签属性对归纳推理的作用。90名大学生被试参加了3个实验。实验1结果表明,归纳推理受前提类别和结论类别之间相似性的影响,相似性越高归纳推理力度越强;实验2结果表明,归纳推理还受结论类别上位类别知识的影响,当类别属性和相似性冲突情况下,被试更倾向按照类别属性进行推理;实验3结果表明,归纳推理通达上位类别知识是一个主动建构的过程,即使是在类别标签不确定的情况下,被试仍然依赖类别标签进行推理。并初步提出了“归纳推理力度=两事物相似性×归类概率”模型设想。 相似文献