排序方式: 共有37条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
The Psychological Record - A conversational approach is developed to explain the ubiquitous presence of rumors, urban legends, and gossip as arising from their conversational properties rather than... 相似文献
32.
Learning of a procedural motor-skill task is known to progress through a series of unique memory stages. Performance initially improves during training, and continues to improve, without further rehearsal, across subsequent periods of sleep. Here, we investigate how this delayed sleep-dependent learning is affected when the task characteristics are varied across several degrees of difficulty, and whether this improvement differentially enhances individual transitions of the motor-sequence pattern being learned. We report that subjects show similar overnight improvements in speed whether learning a five-element unimanual sequence (17.7% improvement), a nine-element unimanual sequence (20.2%), or a five-element bimanual sequence (17.5%), but show markedly increased overnight improvement (28.9%) with a nine-element bimanual sequence. In addition, individual transitions within the motor-sequence pattern that appeared most difficult at the end of training showed a significant 17.8% increase in speed overnight, whereas those transitions that were performed most rapidly at the end of training showed only a non-significant 1.4% improvement. Together, these findings suggest that the sleep-dependent learning process selectively provides maximum benefit to motor-skill procedures that proved to be most difficult prior to sleep. 相似文献
33.
Akama K 《Psychological reports》2006,98(3):895-907
This study examined the roles of metacognitive experiences in the self-regulation process before problem-solving. 260 Japanese undergraduate students participated. To investigate the role of metacognitive experiences, a structural equation model was constructed to examine the relations among Self-efficacy, Goal Setting, Metacognitive Experiences, and Performance. Analysis showed that Metacognitive Experiences mediated the influence of Self-efficacy on Goal Setting and Performance. In addition, these experiences were related to Performance to some extent. Finally, these results are discussed in relation to those obtained in previous studies. 相似文献
34.
In order to examine the effects of remote facilitation on cortical and spinal sites, we recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and H-reflexes from the flexor carpi radialis muscle of 13 healthy subjects. The H-reflex was used to assess excitability changes at the spinal level, while the MEP following transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to study excitability changes at the cortical level. We induced remote facilitation by means of voluntary teeth clenching (VTC), the so-called Jendrassik maneuver, because this procedure is known to be effective and reliable. Although the facilitation induced by VTC was observed in both evoked potentials (i.e., H-reflex and MEP), which is consistent with previous reports, MEP onset latencies were shortened by VTC in proportion to an increased MEP amplitude, whereas the latencies of the H-reflex were not. Furthermore, statistically significant relationships between MEP latencies and amplitudes were observed in all subjects, whereas no such relationships were observed for the H-reflex. On the basis of these results, two neural pathways are presumed: one involving a release of pre-synaptic inhibition at the spinal level and the other involving an unmasking of lateral excitatory projections at the cortical level. 相似文献
35.
Musically trained listeners compared a notated melody presented visually and a comparison melody presented auditorily, and judged whether they were exactly the same or not, with respect to relative pitch. Listeners who had absolute pitch showed the poorest performance for melodies transposed to different pitch levels from the notated melodies, whereas they exhibited the highest performance for untransposed melodies. By comparison, the performance of melody recognition by listeners who did not have absolute pitch was not influenced by the actual pitch level at which melodies were played. These results suggest that absolute-pitch listeners tend to rely on absolute pitch even in recognizing transposed melodies, for which the absolute-pitch strategy is not useful. 相似文献
36.
Júlia Halamová Martin Kanovský Paul Gilbert Nicholas A. Troop David C. Zuroff Nicola Hermanto Nicola Petrocchi Marion Sommers-Spijkerman James N. Kirby Ben Shahar Tobias Krieger Marcela Matos Kenichi Asano FuYa Yu Jaskaran Basran Nuriye Kupeli 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2018,40(4):736-751
There is considerable evidence that self-criticism plays a major role in the vulnerability to and recovery from psychopathology. Methods to measure this process, and its change over time, are therefore important for research in psychopathology and well-being. This study examined the factor structure of a widely used measure, the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in thirteen nonclinical samples (N?=?7510) from twelve different countries: Australia (N?= 319), Canada (N?= 383), Switzerland (N?= 230), Israel (N?=?476), Italy (N?=?389), Japan (N?=?264), the Netherlands (N?=?360), Portugal (N?=?764), Slovakia (N?=?1326), Taiwan (N?=?417), the United Kingdom 1 (N?=?1570), the United Kingdom 2 (N?=?883), and USA (N?=?331). This study used more advanced analyses than prior reports: a bifactor item-response theory model, a two-tier item-response theory model, and a non-parametric item-response theory (Mokken) scale analysis. Although the original three-factor solution for the FSCRS (distinguishing between Inadequate-Self, Hated-Self, and Reassured-Self) had an acceptable fit, two-tier models, with two general factors (Self-criticism and Self-reassurance) demonstrated the best fit across all samples. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that this two-factor structure can be used in a range of nonclinical contexts across countries and cultures. Inadequate-Self and Hated-Self might not by distinct factors in nonclinical samples. Future work may benefit from distinguishing between self-correction versus shame-based self-criticism. 相似文献
37.
Being Watched by Anthropomorphized Objects Affects Charitable Donation in Religious People
下载免费PDF全文
Yuki Miyazaki 《The Japanese psychological research》2017,59(3):221-229
This study assessed the effect of bottom‐up visual cues—the cues of being watched—from anthropomorphized (face‐like) everyday objects on religious people's prosocial behavior. As religious people are more likely than less‐religious people to perceive faces in everyday objects and as perception of face‐like objects promotes prosociality, it was expected that religious people would become more prosocial when they perceived face‐like objects. To test the hypothesis, the study replicated a past finding in a Japanese sample in which religious people tended to perceive a face in everyday objects. Next, results showed that the decision to donate in religious people (compared to less‐religious people) was increased when a face‐like object was displayed with charitable appeals. This effect was not observed with a non‐face‐like object. The current study indicates that interaction with the surrounding environment plays an important role in motivating prosocial behavior among religious people. 相似文献