排序方式: 共有34条查询结果,搜索用时 4 毫秒
31.
The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis 总被引:63,自引:0,他引:63
Miyake A Friedman NP Emerson MJ Witzki AH Howerter A Wager TD 《Cognitive psychology》2000,41(1):49-100
This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postulated executive functions-mental set shifting ("Shifting"), information updating and monitoring ("Updating"), and inhibition of prepotent responses ("Inhibition")-and their roles in complex "frontal lobe" or "executive" tasks. One hundred thirty-seven college students performed a set of relatively simple experimental tasks that are considered to predominantly tap each target executive function as well as a set of frequently used executive tasks: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of Hanoi (TOH), random number generation (RNG), operation span, and dual tasking. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three target executive functions are moderately correlated with one another, but are clearly separable. Moreover, structural equation modeling suggested that the three functions contribute differentially to performance on complex executive tasks. Specifically, WCST performance was related most strongly to Shifting, TOH to Inhibition, RNG to Inhibition and Updating, and operation span to Updating. Dual task performance was not related to any of the three target functions. These results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity of executive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles of executive functions. 相似文献
32.
Differential roles for visuospatial and verbal working memory in situation model construction 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Two experiments investigated the processing of the spatial and causal dimensions of situation models. In Experiment 1, participants read texts varying in spatial and causal demands while responding to on-line spatial and causal probes. Experiment 2 used the same design, but used texts that more tightly integrated spatial and causal information. In both experiments, spatially oriented dependent measures were generally influenced by spatial, but not causal, demands, whereas causally oriented measures were influenced by causal, but not spatial, demands. In addition, spatially oriented dependent measures were generally correlated with a measure of spatial working memory capacity, whereas causally oriented measures were correlated with a measure of verbal working memory capacity. These results indicate that spatial and causal dimensions of situation models are maintained and elaborated independently in different working memory subsystems. 相似文献
33.
Ten expert abacus operators were given various restrictions and distractions during addition of ten numbers of 3–5 figures. All subjects except one could calculate very rapidly without an abacus, probably relying upon its mental representation. Some of those at an intermediate level of mastery moved their fingers as if they had been manipulating a real abacus, and prohibition of this movement or interfering finger-tapping reduced their performance. All the subjects could answer simple non-mathematical questions during abacus calculation without increasing time or errors, but answering extraneous mathematical questions was very hard. 相似文献
34.
VL Hannig MP Cohen JP Pfotenhauer MD Williams TM Morgan JA Phillips III 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(1):64-71
We established a general genetic counseling clinic (GCC) to help reduce long wait times for new patient appointments and to enhance services for a subset of patients. Genetic counselors, who are licensed in Tennessee, were the primary providers and MD geneticists served as medical advisors. This article describes the clinic referral sources, reasons for referral and patient dispositions following their GCC visit(s). We obtained patients by triaging referrals made to our medical genetics division. Over 24 months, our GCC provided timely visits for 321 patients, allowing the MD geneticists to focus on patients needing a clinical exam and/or complex medical management. Following their GCC visit(s), over 80 % of patients did not need additional appointments with an MD geneticist. The GCC allowed the genetic counselor to spend more time with patients than is possible in our traditional medical genetics clinic. Patient satisfaction surveys (n?=?30) were very positive overall concerning the care provided. Added benefits for the genetic counselors were increased professional responsibility, autonomy and visibility as health care providers. We conclude that genetic counselors are accepted as health care providers by patients and referring providers for a subset of clinical genetics cases. A GCC can expand genetic services, complement more traditional genetic clinic models and utilize the strengths of the genetic counselor health care provider. 相似文献