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821.
Timothy D. Nelson Joanna O. Mashunkashey Montserrat C. Mitchell Eric R. Benson Eric M. Vernberg Michael C. Roberts 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(2):206-218
We describe cases from the clinical records in the Intensive Mental Health Program to illustrate the diverse presenting problems,
intervention strategies, therapeutic process, and outcomes for children receiving services in this school-based, community-oriented
treatment model. Cases reflect varying degrees of treatment response and potential factors that influence the fluctuating
levels of emotional disturbance and impaired functioning in the home, school, and community. 相似文献
822.
Self-report surveys and behavioral tasks indicate greater risk-taking behavior in adolescents as compared with adults. However, the underlying causes of these behavioral differences remain unclear. The present study examined the possibility that adolescents may be more susceptible to immediate positive and negative outcomes than adults. We compared the behavior of adolescents and adults on a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (Lejuez et al., 2002). The task required that participants press a button to "inflate" a series of balloons on a computer screen. Balloons inflated until either the participant released the button ("saved" balloons) or the balloon "burst." Accumulated points increased as the duration of the buttonpress increased; however, simultaneously, the likelihood that the balloon would burst also increased. Adolescents inflated balloons to a larger size prior to saving them than adults did, suggesting relatively higher levels of risk taking, although the adolescents' behavior was not uniformly risk prone. Further, in comparison with adults, behavior in adolescents was more influenced by whether a balloon was saved or had burst on the preceding trial, suggesting that sensitivity to immediate consequences is one mechanism that underlies the observed difference in risk taking. 相似文献
823.
The emergence of a research literature exploring parallels between physical and nonphysical (i.e., social, relational, indirect)
forms of aggression has raised many questions about the developmental effects of aggressive behavior on psychological functioning,
peer relationships, and social status. Although both forms of aggression have been linked to problematic outcomes in childhood
and adolescence, more recent findings have highlighted the importance of considering the possible social rewards conferred
by socially aggressive behavior. This paper examines relevant theory and empirical research investigating the adaptive and
maladaptive correlates specific to nonphysical forms of aggression. Findings are explored at the level of group (e.g., peer
rejection), dyadic (e.g., friendship quality), and individual (e.g., depressive symptoms) variables. Key developmental considerations
and methodological issues are addressed, and recommendations for future research integrating current theoretical conceptualizations
and empirical findings on social aggression are advanced. 相似文献
824.
Experience and problem representation in statistics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research investigated experience level differences in problem representation in statistics. A triad judgment task was designed so that source problems shared either surface similarity (story narrative) or structural (inferential level) features (t test, correlation, or chi-square) with the target problem. Graduate students with varying levels of experience in statistics were asked to choose which source problem "goes best" with the target problem for each triad. Given a choice between a problem that shares surface-level characteristics and one that shares inferential-level characteristics, students who had taken 0 to 4 courses in statistics tended to represent problems on the basis of surface-level features. Students who had more than 4 courses did not consistently make choices on the basis of surface-level features, nor did they consistently rely on structural features. However, all students with statistics course backgrounds noticed structural features when competition between different types of features was eliminated. The role of surface and structural features in determining problem representations is discussed. 相似文献
825.
Bardone-Cone AM Joiner TE Crosby RD Crow SJ Klein MH le Grange D Mitchell JE Peterson CB Wonderlich SA 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(7):887-894
The current study tested a psychosocial interactive model of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and weight/shape concern within a sample of women with clinically significant bulimic symptoms, examining how different dimensions of perfectionism operated in the model. Individuals with bulimia nervosa (full diagnostic criteria or subthreshold) completed measures of bulimic symptoms, multidimensional perfectionism, self-efficacy, and weight/shape concern. Among those who were actively binge eating (n=180), weight/shape concern was associated with binge eating frequency in the context of high perfectionism (either maladaptive or adaptive) and low self-efficacy. Among those who were actively vomiting (n=169), weight/shape concern was associated with vomiting frequency only in the context of high adaptive perfectionism and low self-efficacy. These findings provide support for the value of this psychosocial interactive model among actively binge eating and purging samples and for the importance of considering different dimensions of perfectionism in research and treatment related to bulimia nervosa. 相似文献
826.
Memory, suggestibility, stress arousal, and trauma-related psychopathology were examined in 328 3- to 16-year-olds involved in forensic investigations of abuse and neglect. Children's memory and suggestibility were assessed for a medical examination and venipuncture. Being older and scoring higher in cognitive functioning were related to fewer inaccuracies. In addition, cortisol level and trauma symptoms in children who reported more dissociative tendencies were associated with increased memory error, whereas cortisol level and trauma symptoms were not associated with increased error for children who reported fewer dissociative tendencies. Sexual and/or physical abuse predicted greater accuracy. The study contributes important new information to scientific understanding of maltreatment, psychopathology, and eyewitness memory in children. 相似文献
827.
Mitchell Avila 《The Journal of Ethics》2007,11(1):87-124
In this paper I reconstruct and defend John Rawls' The Law of Peoples, including the distinction between liberal and decent peoples. A “decent people” is defined as a people who possesses a comprehensive
doctrine and uses that doctrine as the ground of political legitimacy, while liberal peoples do not possess a comprehensive
doctrine. I argue that liberal and decent peoples are bound by the same normative requirements with the qualification that
decent peoples accept the same normative demands when they are reasonably interpreted and from their comprehensive doctrine,
not from political liberalism. Normative standards for peoples appear in a law of peoples in two places: as internal constraints
carried forward from political liberalism which regulate domestic affairs and as principles derived from a second original
position that provide the normative ground for a society of peoples. This first source of normative standards was unfortunately
obscured in Rawls' account. I use this model to defeat the claim that Rawls has accommodated decent peoples without sufficient
warrant and to argue that all reasonable citizens of both liberal and decent peoples would accept the political authority
of the state as legitimate. Although my reconstruction differs from Rawls on key points, such as modifying the idea of decency
and rejecting a place for decent peoples within a second original position, overall I defend the theoretical completeness
of political liberalism and show how a law of peoples provides reasonable principles of international justice.
This paper explores theoretical ideas I introduced in embryonic form in a paper presented at the International Conference
on Human Rights: Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights, 17–18 May, 2003, Mofid University (Qom, Iran). That paper, “Political
Liberalism and Religious Freedom: Asymmetrical Tolerance for Minority Comprehensive Doctrines” (forthcoming in the Proceedings of the conference), addressed specific issues related to religious toleration, but left unexplored theoretical questions
regarding the status of decent peoples. I wish to thank participants in the conference for their helpful feedback on my interpretation
of Rawls' international political theory, especially Jack Donnelly, Michael Freeman, Stephen Macedo, Samuel Fleishacker, Omar
Dahbour, Yasien Ali Mohamed, and Saladin Meckled-Garcia. In addition, I wish to offer my sincere appreciation to the Executive
Committee of the Conference and especially to Sayyed Masoud Moosavi Karimi, Nasser Elahi, and Mohammad Habibi Modjandeh. 相似文献
828.
This study explores the potential of a computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) self‐help programme for depression within the context of a Higher Education Counselling Service. It seems timely to consider the place of evidence‐based alternatives to the face‐to‐face counselling traditionally provided in higher education with user choice in mind. There is also a need to cater for increasing numbers of students experiencing a wide range and severity of emotional difficulties, sometimes resulting in long waiting periods for help. In the study twelve depressed students used the CCBT programme ‘Beating the Blues’?. Ten (83.3%) participants completed the programme. Initial credibility of and expectancy‐for‐improvement from the intervention was high. Significant reductions in depression scores were found following completion, whilst anxiety scores changes were not significant. Feedback on the programme was largely positive. CCBT was clearly preferred to face‐to‐face counselling by some participants, supporting the need for a choice of interventions for students. These results suggest that CCBT may be an acceptable and effective intervention for a number of depressed students. It is argued that CCBT may be a viable addition to current provision in Higher Education Counselling Services and that further studies are required to investigate this further. 相似文献
829.
830.
Tze‐Chun Tang MD PhD Chih‐Hung Ko MD Dr. Ju‐Yu Yen MD Huang‐Chi Lin MD Shu‐Chun Liu MS Chi‐Fen Huang Dr. Cheng‐Fang Yen MD PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(1):91-102
A representative sample of 10,233 adolescent students was recruited to examine the rate of suicidal attempt and its correlates in the adolescents living in southern Taiwan. Five questions from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Kiddie‐SADS‐E) were used to inquire about the participants' suicidality. The associations between suicidal attempt and multidimensional factors were examined by using logistic regression analysis: 9.1% of the participants reported a suicidal attempt in the preceding year. Female gender, low self‐esteem, weekly alcohol use, illicit drugs use, depression, high family conflict, low maternal education level, poor family function, low connectedness to school, low rank, poor feeling in peer group, and drop out from school were associated with adolescent suicidal attempt. The rate of suicidal attempt was found to be high in Taiwanese adolescents, and multidimensional factors were correlated to adolescent suicidal attempt. 相似文献