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141.
142.
Cole Mitchell 《Philosophical Studies》2017,174(12):2903-2925
Simon Blackburn’s supervenience argument—focusing on the mysterious “ban on mixed worlds”—is still subject to a variety of conflicting interpretations. In this paper, I hope to provide a defense of the argument that clarifies both the argument and the objections it must overcome. Many of the extant objections, I will argue, fail to engage the argument in its true form. And to counter the more compelling objections, it will be necessary to bring in additional argumentation that Blackburn himself does not clearly provide. One important upshot of this discussion is that moral realism is not the only target of the argument: it raises trouble for a variety of metaethical views wed to realist-friendly construals of moral evaluation. Rightly understood, this argument not only survives the prominent responses, but turns out to be more powerful than his critics and Blackburn himself have recognized. 相似文献
143.
David Mitchell 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2017,36(4):525-540
This paper re-evaluates the significance of Jesus for Nietzsche by looking at The Anti-Christ. Specifically we will ask whether a re-evaluation of this relation can shed new light on Nietzsche’s critique of Christianity. And we will do this first by surveying the standard interpretations of this issue, as well as the existing literature on The Anti-Christ. Arguing that the latter picks out nothing new regarding a critique of Christianity, we nonetheless suggest that a new criticism can be developed via the discussion of Jesus there. Further, this can be done by looking at the account given of faith and belief in that text. That is, we will explore the status of Jesus for Nietzsche by looking at the origins and development of “faith” as a mode of belief. In particular, we trace the former’s development as a type from a basic mode of faith. As such, we begin by looking at the psychological origins of this kind of belief in “decadence”, and why Nietzsche is critical of this. However, we will then discuss the emergence of a more positive faith in the form of Buddhism, and see how this represents an analogue for Jesus’s faith. Continuing, we will see how Jesus signifies a similar problematic development, but also “overcoming”, of initial decadence faith. And we will argue, also, that this overcoming is rooted in his emphasis on the immediacy of lived experience. Finally though, we will look at how Christianity returns Jesus’s more productive relation to the world again to a primitive mode of faith. In other words, we will see how Christianity converts the fluid, lived, “faith” of Jesus into something again based on transcendent belief. And lastly, we will ask what new light this point sheds on Nietzsche’s critique of Christianity, and his affinity with Jesus the man. 相似文献
144.
145.
A LABORATORY ANALOGUE FOR THE STUDY OF PEER SEXUAL HARASSMENT 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Damon Mitchell Richard Hirschman D. J. Angelone Roy S. Lilly 《Psychology of women quarterly》2004,28(3):194-203
The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory analogue for the study of peer sexual harassment, and to examine person and situational factors associated with male on female peer sexual harassment. One hundred twenty-two male participants were given the opportunity to tell jokes to a female confederate from a joke list that included sexually offensive jokes, as well as other types of jokes. Participants were exposed to either a sexist laboratory environment or a neutral laboratory environment during the study. Eighty percent of participants told at least one sexually offensive joke to a female confederate. Higher scores on a measure of adversarial sexual beliefs were associated with telling a greater number of sexually offensive jokes. The results suggest that the joke-telling analogue may be a useful means for laboratory explorations of person and situational factors associated with peer sexual harassment. 相似文献
146.
147.
Social influence--individuals' tendency to conform to the beliefs and attitudes of others--has interested psychologists for decades. However, it has traditionally been difficult to distinguish true modification of attitudes from mere public compliance with social norms; this study addressed this challenge using functional neuroimaging. Participants rated the attractiveness of faces and subsequently learned how their peers ostensibly rated each face. Participants were then scanned using functional MRI while they rated each face a second time. The second ratings were influenced by social norms: Participants changed their ratings to conform to those of their peers. This social influence was accompanied by modulated engagement of two brain regions associated with coding subjective value--the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex--a finding suggesting that exposure to social norms affected participants' neural representations of value assigned to stimuli. These findings document the utility of neuroimaging to demonstrate the private acceptance of social norms. 相似文献
148.
Margaret Mitchell Danielle Every Rob Ranzijn 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2011,21(4):329-341
Everyday conversations among non‐Indigenous Australians are a significant site in which racism towards Indigenous Australians is reproduced and maintained. This study explores the possibilities of everyday antiracism by asking how people negotiate racist discourses in interpersonal contexts. Twelve first year psychology students (10 female, 2 male, aged 18–50) who had completed a compulsory Indigenous studies course were recruited as participants. Semi‐structured interviews were thematically analysed for the constraints and facilitators for responding to racism in everyday contexts. As constraints against speaking up, participants offered ‘social expectations to fit in’, ‘fear of provoking aggression and conflict’, assessments of ‘the type of relationship’, whether they ‘could make a difference’ and the ‘type of racism’. As a facilitator for speaking up, participants reported they were confident in challenging erroneous statements when they felt well informed and authoritative about the facts. The research suggests that everyday antiracism requires a preparedness to deal with possible discomfort and ‘bad feeling’ which participants reported avoiding. The paper concludes with suggestions for stimulating critical thinking and intergroup dialogue in relation to everyday antiracism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
149.
In this study, we examine whether an actual (rather than hypothetical) man being labeled “gay” either by himself or by another
influences American (US) undergraduates’ attributions of the man’s masculinity, femininity, and likeability, replicating (with
refinements) a similar study from the 1970s. One hundred ninety-two male and 591 female undergraduates, almost exclusively
white, in Kentucky observed two gender-typical white men (one very masculine and the other of average masculinity, both low
in femininity, both gay) play a word game on videotape; prior to playing, each man labeled either himself or the other man
as either gay or adopted. Male participants rated the men as less masculine and more feminine than female participants, but
the label used did not differentially influence male and female participants. Both male and female participants rated each
man less masculine and more feminine when labeled gay than when the other man was labeled gay, and rated the more masculine
man less masculine and more feminine when labeled gay than when labeled adopted. Whether either man was labeled by himself
or by the other man, or whether either man was a labeler or in the presence of a self-labeler, had no effect on participants’
ratings of the men’s masculinity or femininity. Both men were rated as likeable across all conditions. While the stereotype
of gay men as more feminine and less masculine than other men appears robust since the 1970 study, the dislike of gay men
appears to have abated. 相似文献
150.
Though there is a deep literature on factors that predict college attendance and on the effects of college attendance on students’
development, there has been little research on what education actually means to students themselves. This study was conducted
to examine whether materialism, intrinsic aspirations, and the search for meaning in life predicted a set of ten meanings
that students are known to associate with their education. Multiple regression analyses indicated that students who were high
on materialism viewed their education as an opportunity to gain independence, a chance to establish relationships, and a source
of stress. Individuals high on intrinsic aspirations were more likely to see education as a time for career preparation, gaining
independence, exploring future life directions, learning, engaging in personal growth, establishing social relationships,
and learning skills to make a difference in the world, but they were less likely to view education as an escape from future
responsibilities. As expected, the findings also revealed that individuals who sought meaning in life viewed education as
a way to gain independence, explore life directions, engage in personal growth, establish relationships, learn skills that
will help change the world, and escape future responsibilities. 相似文献